Trial reportNeuro-oncology2018
Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: results from exploratory phase I cohorts of CheckMate 143.
Trial report in Neuro-oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05235737 (A Single Center, Open-Label, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Pembrolizumab on Top of Standard Chemo-Radiotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 319 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single Center, Open-Label, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Pembrolizumab on Top of Standard Chemo-Radiotherapy (Stupp Protocol) in Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM).
Who cites it
319 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors as targeted therapy for glioblastoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in pediatric malignant brain tumors: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of glioma treatment strategies: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies for glioma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy compared to nivolumab monotherapy in advanced cancers (excluding melanoma): a systemic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2024Pooled it
- Research hotspots and trend of glioblastoma immunotherapy: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Objective response rate targets for recurrent glioblastoma clinical trials based on the historic association between objective response rate and median overall survival.Neuro-oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Molecular Biomarker Testing for the Diagnosis of Diffuse Gliomas.Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine · 2022Guideline
- Risk of Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Receiving Nivolumab With Ipilimumab: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Treatment options for progression or recurrence of glioblastoma: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- A phase 2, open label, clinical trial of pre-surgical and adjuvant treatment of recurrent glioblastoma with tremelimumab and durvalumab alone and in combination.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Trial
- Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in pediatric patients with high-grade CNS malignancies: Safety, efficacy, biomarker, and pharmacokinetics-CheckMate 908.Neuro-oncology · 2023Trial
- A Phase I/II Trial of Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Children and Young Adults with Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Study ADVL1412.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Galanin impairs tumor immunity in glioblastoma by promoting infiltration and ferroptosis resistance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- The Hallmarks of Glioblastoma: Functional Interplay Between Long Non-Coding RNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins.Cells · 2026Review
- Glioma-intrinsic MAPK/ERK signaling promotes immunotherapy efficacy through T cell infiltration and interferon responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- A PIK3CA and NF1 expression-based prognostic signature derived from Mendelian randomization identifies causal immune-regulatory determinants of glioblastoma outcomes.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- The promise of immunotherapy for central nervous system tumours.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Liver resection following neoadjuvant immunotherapy: a single center retrospective study.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
259 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy across a diverse set of tumors supporting further evaluation in glioblastoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety/tolerability and describe immune-mediated effects of nivolumab ± ipilimumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Exploratory efficacy outcomes are also reported. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W; NIVO3) or nivolumab 1 mg/kg + ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) for 4 doses, then nivolumab 3 mg/kg Q2W (NIVO1+IPI3). An alternative regimen of nivolumab 3 mg/kg + ipilimumab 1 mg/kg Q3W for 4 doses, then nivolumab 3 mg/kg Q2W (NIVO3+IPI1) was investigated in a nonrandomized arm. Results: Forty patients were enrolled (NIVO3, n = 10; NIVO1+IPI3, n = 10; NIVO3+IPI1, n = 20). The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (NIVO3, 30%; NIVO1+IPI3, 80%; NIVO3+IPI1, 55%) and diarrhea (10%, 70%, 30%, respectively). AEs leading to discontinuation occurred in 10% (NIVO3), 30% (NIVO1+IPI3), and 20% (NIVO3+IPI1) of patients. Three patients achieved a partial response (NIVO3, n = 1; NIVO3+IPI1, n = 2) and 8 had stable disease for ≥12 weeks (NIVO3, n = 2; NIVO1+IPI3, n = 2; NIVO3+IPI1, n = 4 [Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria]). Most patients (68%) had tumor-cell programmed death ligand-1 expression ≥1%. Immune-mediated effects mimicking radiographic progression occurred in 2 patients. Conclusions: Nivolumab monotherapy was better tolerated than nivolumab + ipilimumab; the tolerability of the combination was influenced by ipilimumab dose. These safety and exploratory findings merit further investigation of immunotherapies in glioblastoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.