ReviewNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2018
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treating Chronic Pain: Reviewing Preclinical and Clinical Data on Paresthesia-Free High-Frequency Therapy.
Review in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical Effectiveness and Mechanism of Action of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treating Chronic Low Back and Lower Extremity Pain: a Systematic Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2020Pooled it
- Early high‑frequency spinal cord stimulation modulates the ROS/p38 MAPK/NF‑κB and CXCL10/CXCR3 pathways to alleviate neuropathic pain and promote spinal cord injury repair.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Stimulation: Linking Dorsal Horn Circuits, Glia, and ECAP-Guided Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Spinal cord stimulation: An emerging strategy for chronic pain relief after spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Closed-loop SCS and sensing: now and in the future.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Emerging Nonpharmacologic Analgesic Technologies in Anesthesia: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions for Pharmacologic Alternatives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Evidence-Based Consensus Recommendations on Programming and Coding Implantable Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices for Treatment of Chronic Intractable Pain.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation at alternating intensities preferentially prevents the development of spasticity after contusion SCI in rat.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Role of frequency-dependent and capacitive tissue properties in spinal cord stimulation models.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Can Spinal Cord Stimulation be Considered as a Frontier for Chronic Pain in Diabetic Foot?Pain and therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Response of dorsal horn neurons in mice to high-frequency (kHz) biphasic stimulation is not sensitive to local temperature rise.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- A narrative review of autophagy in migraine.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Functional Ultrasound Imaging Reveals Activation Properties of Clinical Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy Programming.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Recent Trends in Physical Therapy Interventions and Neuromodulation Techniques to Improve Neurorehabilitation.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Motor improvement and spasms recovery with high-frequency 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation in a patient with spastic tetraparesis: beyond pain relief.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Article
- Research hotspots and trends of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2024Review
- Spinal Cord Stimulation Waveforms for the Treatment of Chronic Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Frequency-Dependent Neural Modulation of Dorsal Horn Neurons by Kilohertz Spinal Cord Stimulation in Rats.Biomedicines · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTraditional spinal cord stimulation (SCS) requires that paresthesia overlaps chronic painful areas. However, the new paradigm high-frequency SCS (HF-SCS) does not rely on paresthesia. STUDY
designA review of preclinical and clinical studies regarding the use of paresthesia-free HF-SCS for various chronic pain states.
methodsWe reviewed available literatures on HF-SCS, including Nevro's paresthesia-free ultra high-frequency 10 kHz therapy (HF10-SCS). Data sources included relevant literature identified through searches of PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID, and SCOPUS, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary goal is to describe the present developing conceptions of preclinical mechanisms of HF-SCS and to review clinical efficacy on paresthesia-free HF10-SCS for various chronic pain states.
resultsHF10-SCS offers a novel pain reduction tool without paresthesia for failed back surgery syndrome and chronic axial back pain. Preclinical findings indicate that potential mechanisms of action for paresthesia-free HF-SCS differ from those of traditional SCS.
conclusionsTo fully understand and utilize paresthesia-free HF-SCS, mechanistic study and translational research will be very important, with increasing collaboration between basic science and clinical communities to design better trials and optimize the therapy based on mechanistic findings from effective preclinical models and approaches. Future research in these vital areas may include preclinical and clinical components conducted in parallel to optimize the potential of this technology.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.