ArticleParasitology research2017
Spore load and immune response of honey bees naturally infected by Nosema ceranae.
Article in Parasitology research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nosemosis negatively affects honeybee survival: experimental and meta-analytic evidence.Parasitology · 2024Pooled it
- Innate defense mechanisms against Nosema ceranae in hygienic honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune priming of honey bees protects against a major microsporidian pathogen.Pest management science · 2025Article
- Ethanol Hormesis in Honeybees (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Article
- Distinct virulence of the microsporidian parasite in honey bees competing habitat.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Monitoring the Season-Prevalence Relationship ofInsects · 2024Article
- Consequences of microsporidian prior exposure for virus infection outcomes and bumble bee host health.Oecologia · 2023Article
- Investigating the influence of diet diversity on infection outcomes in a bumble bee (Frontiers in insect science · 2023Article
- Honey Bee Habitat Sharing Enhances Gene Flow of the Parasite Nosema ceranae.Microbial ecology · 2022Article
- Bee Stressors from an Immunological Perspective and Strategies to Improve Bee Health.Veterinary sciences · 2022Review
- Nosema apis and N. ceranae Infection in Honey bees: A Model for Host-Pathogen Interactions in Insects.Experientia supplementum (2012) · 2022Article
- Age and Season Effect the Timing of Adult Worker Honeybee Infection byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Nosema ceranae causes cellular immunosuppression and interacts with thiamethoxam to increase mortality in the stingless bee Melipona colimana.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- The Honeybee Gut Microbiota Is Altered after Chronic Exposure to Different Families of Insecticides and Infection by Nosema ceranae.Microbes and environments · 2019Article
- Article
- Honeybees show an increased preference for dietary alcohol when parasitized.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Nosema ceranae causes widespread infection in adult workers of European honey bees, Apis mellifera, and has often been linked to honey bee colony losses worldwide. Previous investigations of honey bee immune response to N. ceranae infection were largely based on laboratory experiment, however, little is known about the immune response of honey bees that are naturally infected by N. ceranae. Here, we compared the infection levels of N. ceranae in three different categories of adult bees (emergent bees, nurses, and foragers) and detected the host immune response to the N. ceranae infection under natural conditions. Our studies showed that the Nosema spore load and infection prevalence varied among the different types of adult workers, and both of them increased as honey bees aged: No infection was detected in emergent bees, nurses had a medium spore load and prevalence, while foragers were with the highest Nosema infection level and prevalence. Quantification of the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides (abaecin, apidaecin, defensin-1, defensin-2, and hymenoptaecin) and microbial recognition proteins (PGRP-S1, PGRP-S2, PGRP-S3, PGRP-LC, GNBP1-1, and GNBP1-2) confirmed the involvement of the Toll and/or Imd immune pathways in the host response to N. ceranae infection, and revealed an activation of host immune response by N. ceranae infection under natural conditions. Additionally, the levels of immune response were positively correlated with the Nosema spore loads in the infected bees. The information gained from this study will be relevant to the predictive modeling of honey bee disease dynamics for Nosema disease prevention and management.
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Registered trials
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