ArticleFrontiers in neurology2017
Optimizing the Definitions of Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, and Infarction for Research and Application in Clinical Practice.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of carotid duplex in the assessment of carotid artery restenosis after endarterectomy or stenting.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Radiotherapy Exposure in Cancer Patients and Subsequent Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Targeting Cognition and Behavior Post-Stroke: Combined Emotional Music Stimulation and Virtual Attention Training in a Quasi-Randomized Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Lack of standardization in the nomenclature of dating strokes or the desperate search for a common language.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- ABCD2-I Score Predicts Unplanned Emergency Department Revisits within 72 Hours Due to Recurrent Acute Ischemic Stroke.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Expression of Tie2 (angiopoietin receptor) on the monocyte subpopulations from ischemic stroke patients: Histological and flowcytometric studies.Histology and histopathology · 2023Article
- Stroke Scales as Assessment Tools in Emergency Settings: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with large vessel involvement.European journal of translational myology · 2022Article
- Lessons From ACST-2.Stroke · 2022Review
- Direct Medical Cost of Stroke and the Cost-Effectiveness of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Extra-Cranial Carotid Artery Stenosis: An Objective Analysis of the Available Evidence.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Neuroimaging biomarkers of cognitive recovery after ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Review
- Stroke and Athletes: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Hypothesis of "stroke-stop" formula: a tool for risk index determination in development of acute cerebrovascular disease in asymptomatic individuals with carotid stenosis.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- White matter hyperintensity determines ischemic stroke severity in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- The significance of the oxidative stress markers in the one-year prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a case-control study.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- The Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients: Measurement Tool Development and Psychometric Evaluation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Pharmacotherapy Pattern and Treatment Outcomes of Stroke Patients Admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia.Patient related outcome measures · 2021Article
- Innovative Multiparametric Characterization of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability by Ultrasound.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 13 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeUntil now, stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) have been clinically based terms which describe the presence and duration of characteristic neurological deficits attributable to intrinsic disorders of particular arteries supplying the brain, retina, or (sometimes) the spinal cord. Further, infarction has been pathologically defined as death of neural tissue due to reduced blood supply. Recently, it has been proposed we shift to definitions of stroke and TIA determined by neuroimaging results alone and that neuroimaging findings be equated with infarction.
methodsWe examined the scientific validity and clinical implications of these proposals using the existing published literature and our own experience in research and clinical practice.
resultsWe found that the proposals to change to imaging-dominant definitions, as published, are ambiguous and inconsistent. Therefore, they cannot provide the standardization required in research or its application in clinical practice. Further, we found that the proposals are scientifically incorrect because neuroimaging findings do not always correlate with the clinical status or the presence of infarction. In addition, we found that attempts to use the proposals are disrupting research, are otherwise clinically unhelpful and do not solve the problems they were proposed to solve.
conclusionWe advise that the proposals must not be accepted. In particular, we explain why the clinical focus of the definitions of stroke and TIA should be retained with continued sub-classification of these syndromes depending neuroimaging results (with or without other information) and that infarction should remain a pathological term. We outline ways the established clinically based definitions of stroke and TIA, and use of them, may be improved to encourage better patient outcomes in the modern era.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.