ArticleNutrients2017
Direct Feeding at the Breast Is Associated with Breast Milk Feeding Duration among Preterm Infants.
Article in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Breastfeeding infants with CHD: an evidence summary and recommendations from the Cardiac Newborn Neuroprotective Network, a special interest group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.Cardiology in the young · 2025Guideline
- An Integrative Review of Exclusive Breast Milk Expression.Journal of midwifery & women's healthPooled it
- Trial
- Impact of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Environment on Maternal Breast Milk Utilization: : A Retrospective Study.Delaware journal of public health · 2026Article
- Human milk and breastfeeding at the first oral feed for infants with critical congenital heart disease: a multi-institutional study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Sustaining Breastmilk Expression and Direct Feeding at Breast for Very Low Birth Infants: A Qualitative Exploration of Parental Perspectives.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Post-Discharge Trajectories of Romanian Premature Infants: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Associated Factors.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal studies on breastfeeding among preterm infants: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Optimizing breastfeeding for hospitalized newborns: A narrative review of midwifery-led interventions.European journal of midwifery · 2025Review
- Human milk feeding for moderate and late preterm infants at age 2 months: Insights from a cluster randomized controlled trial 2-month follow-up.PEC innovation · 2024Article
- Clinical assessment of breastfeeding in preterm infants.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Review
- Exploring factors influencing the uptake of kangaroo mother care: key informant interviews with parents.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Patterns of Breastfeeding and Human Milk Feeding in Infants with Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease: A Population Study of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Registry.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Early Enteral Feeding of the Preterm Infant-Delay until Own Mother's Breastmilk Becomes Available? (Israel, 2012-2017).Nutrients · 2022Article
- A prospective cohort study on lactation status and breastfeeding challenges in mothers giving birth to preterm infants.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- Feeding Twins with Human Milk and Factors Associated with Its Duration: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study in Southern Italy.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Use of the Theory of Planned Behavior Framework to Understand Breastfeeding Decision-Making Among Mothers of Preterm Infants.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2020Article
- Breastfeeding progression in late preterm infants from birth to one month.Maternal & child nutrition · 2020Article
- Observational
- Profile of at-risk newborns attended by nurses in outpatient follow-up clinic: a retrospective cohort study.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn spite of high rates of initiating breast milk feeding (BMF) among preterm infants, a significant rate of discontinuation occurs shortly after discharge.
aimTo investigate the effect of mode (direct feeding at the breast vs. expressing) and exclusivity (breast milk combined with formula vs. breast milk only) as well as maternal perceptions on the duration of BMF among preterm infants.
methodsThe study included mothers whose infants were born before 32 weeks gestation, between January 2012 and August 2015 at Sheba Medical Center (SMC). Perinatal data were collected retrospectively from infants' computerized charts. Mothers were approached >12 months postpartum and were asked to complete a questionnaire. Those who agreed to participate were asked (during their visit to the follow-up clinic or by phone or mail) to complete a questionnaire regarding mode and duration of BMF as well as reasons for its discontinuation. Mothers were also asked about their pre-partum intentions to feed directly at the breast.
resultsOut of 162 eligible mothers, 131 (80.8%) initiated BMF during their intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. Of these, 66 (50.3%) discontinued BMF earlier than six months postpartum. BMF ≥ 6 months was significantly associated with direct feeding at the breast, duration of exclusive BMF, and singleton birth. Regression analysis revealed that direct feeding at the breast (any or only) and duration of BMF exclusivity were the only significant variables associated with BMF duration (Odds ratio (OR) 5.5 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.00-15.37; OR 1.5 and 95% CI 1.25-1.88, respectively). Milk supply (inadequate or nonexistent) was the most commonly reported cause for BMF discontinuation <6 months. Direct feeding at the breast was significantly associated with BMF duration and was more common among singletons.
conclusionsDirect feeding at the breast and duration of exclusive BMF are associated with duration of BMF among infants born <32 weeks of gestational age (GA). These findings suggest that targeting these two factors may play a key role in prolonging BMF duration among preterm infants.
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