Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29103940›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2017

Morphometric, Behavioral, and Genomic Evidence for a New Orangutan Species.

Alexander Nater, Maja P Mattle-Greminger, Anton Nurcahyo, Matthew G Nowak, Marc de Manuel, Tariq Desai, Colin Groves, Marc Pybus, Tugce Bilgin Sonay, Christian Roos and 27 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 68 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Characterization of immunoglobulin loci inNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026
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  5. Clades, Grades, and the Genus Problem: A Case for Revising Hominin Taxonomy.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026
    Review
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  7. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Delimitation of EndangeredAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors.

Alexander NaterEvolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany. Electronic address: alexander.nater@uzh.ch.
Maja P Mattle-GremingerEvolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Anton NurcahyoSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Matthew G NowakSumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia; Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, 1000 Faner Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
Marc de ManuelInstitut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Tariq DesaiDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
Colin GrovesSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Marc PybusInstitut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Tugce Bilgin SonayEvolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Christian RoosGene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Adriano R LameiraDepartment of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; School of Psychology & Neuroscience, St. Andrews University, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK.
Serge A WichSchool of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098, the Netherlands.
James AskewDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Marina Davila-RossDepartment of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1(st) Street, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK.
Gabriella FredrikssonSumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098, the Netherlands.
Guillem de VallesInstitut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Ferran CasalsServei de Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Javier Prado-MartinezWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
Benoit GoossensSchool of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3BA, UK.
Ernst J VerschoorDepartment of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
Kristin S WarrenConservation Medicine Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
Ian SingletonSumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia; Foundation for a Sustainable Ecosystem (YEL), Medan, Indonesia.
David A MarquesEvolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Joko PamungkasPrimate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
Dyah Perwitasari-FarajallahPrimate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia; Animal Biosystematics and Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Agatis, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
Puji RiantiEvolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia; Animal Biosystematics and Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Agatis, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
Augustine TuugaSabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Ivo G GutCNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
Marta GutCNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
Pablo Orozco-terWengelSchool of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
Carel P van SchaikEvolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Jaume BertranpetitInstitut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Maria AnisimovaInstitute of Applied Simulations, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31a, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge-Batiment Genopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Aylwyn ScallyDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
Tomas Marques-BonetInstitut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
Erik MeijaardSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. Electronic address: emeijaard@gmail.com.
Michael KrützenEvolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: michael.kruetzen@aim.uzh.ch.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Six extant species of non-human great apes are currently recognized: Sumatran and Bornean orangutans, eastern and western gorillas, and chimpanzees and bonobos [1]. However, large gaps remain in our knowledge of fine-scale variation in hominoid morphology, behavior, and genetics, and aspects of great ape taxonomy remain in flux. This is particularly true for orangutans (genus: Pongo), the only Asian great apes and phylogenetically our most distant relatives among extant hominids [1]. Designation of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans, P. pygmaeus (Linnaeus 1760) and P. abelii (Lesson 1827), as distinct species occurred in 2001 [1, 2]. Here, we show that an isolated population from Batang Toru, at the southernmost range limit of extant Sumatran orangutans south of Lake Toba, is distinct from other northern Sumatran and Bornean populations. By comparing cranio-mandibular and dental characters of an orangutan killed in a human-animal conflict to those of 33 adult male orangutans of a similar developmental stage, we found consistent differences between the Batang Toru individual and other extant Ponginae. Our analyses of 37 orangutan genomes provided a second line of evidence. Model-based approaches revealed that the deepest split in the evolutionary history of extant orangutans occurred ∼3.38 mya between the Batang Toru population and those to the north of Lake Toba, whereas both currently recognized species separated much later, about 674 kya. Our combined analyses support a new classification of orangutans into three extant species. The new species, Pongo tapanuliensis, encompasses the Batang Toru population, of which fewer than 800 individuals survive. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Indexed as

Genetic SpeciationAnimalsBehavior, AnimalBiological EvolutionEndangered SpeciesGene FlowGenetic VariationGenomeGenomicsHominidaeMetagenomicsPhylogenyPongoPongo abeliiPongo pygmaeusconservationgene flowgreat apesmorphometricsphylogeographyPongo tapanuliensispopulation genomicsSundalandTapanuli orangutantaxonomy

Identifiers

PMID29103940

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.