ArticleInternational journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery2018
Fluctuating asymmetry of the normal facial skeleton.
Article in International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Three-dimensional facial hard tissue symmetry in a healthy Caucasian population group: a systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Pooled it
- Comparison of Different 3D Surface Registration-Based Methods to Assess Facial Asymmetry.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- No relationship found between dental fluctuating asymmetry, birthweight, and birth term in two modern North American samples.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry and its association to occlusal and muscular imbalance in young women.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2024Article
- Large Language Models Diagnose Facial Deformity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Digital Planning to Enhance Diagnosis and Precision in Correcting Excessive Gingival Display in the Presence of Asymmetrical Maxillary Position: A Case Report.European journal of dentistry · 2024Article
- Machine Learning Effectively Diagnoses Mandibular Deformity Using Three-Dimensional Landmarks.Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional quantification of skeletal midfacial complex symmetry.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2023Article
- Formal models for the study of the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and fitness in humans.American journal of biological anthropology · 2022Article
- Midsagittal Plane First: Building a Strong Facial Reference Frame for Computer-Aided Surgical Simulation.Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2022Article
- Transverse Asymmetries of the Maxilla Even in Healthy and Apparently Symmetrical Subjects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Outcome of facial contour asymmetry after conventional two-dimensional versus computer-assisted three-dimensional planning in cleft orthognathic surgery.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to produce reliable estimations of fluctuating facial asymmetry in a normal population. Fifty-four computed tomography (CT) facial models of average-looking and symmetrical Chinese subjects with a class I occlusion were used in this study. Eleven midline landmarks and 12 pairs of bilateral landmarks were digitized. The repeatability of the landmark digitization was first evaluated. A Procrustes analysis was then used to measure the fluctuating asymmetry of each CT model, after all of the models had been scaled to the average face size of the study sample. A principal component analysis was finally used to establish the direction of the fluctuating asymmetries. The results showed that there was excellent absolute agreement among the three repeated measurements. The mean fluctuating asymmetry of the average-size face varied at each anthropometric landmark site, ranging from 1.0mm to 2.8mm. At the 95% upper limit, the asymmetries ranged from 2.2mm to 5.7mm. Most of the asymmetry of the midline structures was mediolateral, while the asymmetry of the bilateral landmarks was more equally distributed. These values are for the average face. People with larger faces will have higher values, while subjects with smaller faces will have lower values.
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Registered trials
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