ArticleEpidemiology and infection2017
Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella diarrhoeal infection among children in Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic resistance trends for common bacterial aetiologies of childhood diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Global trends and molecular epidemiology of Azithromycin-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Investigation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofInfectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Risk Factors forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessing the Prevalence and Potential Risks ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- High diversity ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Multi-Drug-Resistant Non-TyphoidalInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Prevalence, Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-TyphoidalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Epidemiology, Serotype and Resistance ofInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Review
- Characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from children with acute gastroenteritis, Kolkata, India, during 2000-2016.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2020Article
- Molecular Detection and Epidemiological Features of Selected Bacterial, Viral, and Parasitic Enteropathogens in Stool Specimens from Children with Acute Diarrhea in Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Salmonella enterica isolates from Western Australian rangeland goats remain susceptible to critically important antimicrobials.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Source Attribution and Risk Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance.Microbiology spectrum · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study among children aged <5 years in Thi-Qar Governorate, south-eastern Iraq, in order to examine the prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance associated with gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella infection. From 320 diarrhoea cases enrolled between March and August 2016, 33 (10·3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8·4-12·4) cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica. The most commonly identified serovar was Typhimurium (54%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of Salmonella infection in children from households supplied by pipe water was 4·7 (95% CI 1·6-13·9) times higher compared with those supplied with reverse osmosis treated water. Similarly, children from households with domestic animals were found to have a higher odds (OR 10·5; 95% CI 3·8-28·4) of being Salmonella stool culture-positive. The likelihood of Salmonella infection was higher (OR 3·9; 95% CI 1·0-6·4) among children belonging to caregiver with primary vs. tertiary education levels. Lower odds (OR 0·4; 95% CI 0·1-0·9) of Salmonella infection were associated with children exclusively breast fed as compared with those exclusively bottle fed. Salmonella infection was three times lower (95% CI 0·1-0·7) in children belonging to caregiver who reported always washing hands after cleaning children following defecation, vs. those belonging to caregivers who did not wash hands. The antimicrobial resistance profile by disc diffusion revealed that non-susceptibility to tetracycline (78·8%), azithromycin (66·7%) and ciprofloxacin (57·6%) were the most commonly seen, and 84·9% of Salmonella isolates were classified as multi-drug resistant. This is the first study on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella infection among children in this setting. This work provides specific epidemiological data which are crucial to understand and combat paediatric diarrhoea in Iraq.
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