Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29100459›Full record

ReviewOncotarget2017

BRAF inhibitors: resistance and the promise of combination treatments for melanoma.

Merope Griffin, Daniele Scotto, Debra H Josephs, Silvia Mele, Silvia Crescioli, Heather J Bax, Giulia Pellizzari, Matthew D Wynne, Mano Nakamura, Ricarda M Hoffmann and 6 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  15. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Merope GriffinSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Daniele ScottoSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Debra H JosephsSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Silvia MeleSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Silvia CrescioliSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Heather J BaxSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Giulia PellizzariSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Matthew D WynneSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Mano NakamuraSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Ricarda M HoffmannSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Kristina M IlievaSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Anthony CheungSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
James F SpicerResearch Oncology, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK.
Sophie PapaResearch Oncology, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK.
Katie E LacySt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.
Sophia N KaragiannisSt John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/L006278/1Medical Research Council MR/L023091/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Identification of mutations in the gene encoding the serine/threonine-protein kinase, BRAF, and constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in around 50% of malignant melanomas have led to the development and regulatory approval of targeted pathway inhibitor drugs. A proportion of patients are intrinsically resistant to BRAF inhibitors, and most patients who initially respond, acquire resistance within months. In this review, we discuss pathway inhibitors and their mechanisms of resistance, and we focus on numerous efforts to improve clinical benefits through combining agents with disparate modes of action, including combinations with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies. We discuss the merits of combination strategies based on enhancing immune responses or overcoming tumor-associated immune escape mechanisms. Emerging insights into mechanisms of action, resistance pathways and their impact on host-tumor relationships will inform the design of optimal combinations therapies to improve outcomes for patients who currently do not benefit from recent treatment breakthroughs.

Indexed as

BRAFCTLA-4immunotherapyMAPKmelanoma

Identifiers

PMID29100459
PMCPMC5652848

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.