ArticleEye (London, England)2018
Carotid-cavernous fistula: current concepts in aetiology, investigation, and management.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endovascular treatment in bilateral cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Percutaneous Catheter Stabilization Maneuver ("Finger-Assisted" Technique) in Transvenous Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report and Technical Note.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2026Article
- [Progressive exophthalmos in bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula and accompanying venous sinus thrombosis].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Article
- Carotid-cavernous fistula diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Direct superior ophthalmic vein puncture for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula with dual orbital venous outflow: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Differentiating high-flow vascular lesions from clinical and hemodynamic mimics in the head and neck: a pattern-based multimodality imaging approach.Neuroradiology · 2026Review
- Spontaneous Resolution of a Bilateral Barrow Type D Indirect Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Central hypothyroidism as a rare sequela of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula in a pediatric patient.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Carotid-cavernous Fistula in a Patient with Minimal Head and Facial Trauma: A Case Report.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Long-term ocular outcomes and prognostic factors for clinical recovery in carotid cavernous fistulas: a retrospective single-center study of 141 eyes.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Eyes: Diplopia as an Early Manifestation of a Life-Threatening Condition in a Young Adult.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Article
- Post-traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Following Penetrating Orbital Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2026Article
- Choroidal Detachment in a Patient on a CPAP Therapy.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2026Article
- Reconstruction of traumatic carotidcavernous fistula using a covered stent.Journal of cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Simultaneous findings of shunt obliteration and arterial flow restoration during balloon-assisted technique in the management of idiopathic vertebral arteriovenous fistula.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Late Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Successful Endovascular Closure of a Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: A Case Report and Updated Review.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Initially Misdiagnosed As Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Unusual Venous-Origin Intraparenchymal Hematoma in the Context of a Post-traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula.Cureus · 2025Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between arteries and veins within the cavernous sinus and may be classified as either direct or dural. Direct CCFs are characterized by a direct connection between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus, whereas dural CCFs result from an indirect connection involving cavernous arterial branches and the cavernous sinus. Direct CCFs frequently are traumatic in origin and also may be caused by rupture of an ICA aneurysm within the cavernous sinus, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, or iatrogenic intervention. Causes of dural CCFs include hypertension, fibromuscular dysplasia, Ehlers-Danlos type IV, and dissection of the ICA. Evaluation of a suspected CCF often involves non-invasive imaging techniques, including standard tonometry, pneumotonometry, ultrasound, computed tomographic scanning and angiography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, but the gold standard for classification and diagnosis remains digital subtraction angiography. When a direct CCF is confirmed, first-line treatment is endovascular intervention, which may be accomplished using detachable balloons, coils, liquid embolic agents, or a combination of these tools. As dural CCFs often resolve spontaneously, low-risk cases may be managed conservatively. When invasive treatment is warranted, endovascular intervention or stereotactic radiosurgery may be performed. Modern endovascular techniques offer the ability to successfully treat CCFs with a low morbidity and virtually no mortality.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.