Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29099491›Full record

ArticleThe ISME journal2018

The bacterium Wolbachia exploits host innate immunity to establish a symbiotic relationship with the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Xiaoling Pan, Andrew Pike, Deepak Joshi, Guowu Bian, Michael J McFadden, Peng Lu, Xiao Liang, Fengrui Zhang, Alexander S Raikhel, Zhiyong Xi

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The ISME journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. The inhibition mechanism ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
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  19. Microorganisms · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Xiaoling PanDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Andrew PikeDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3155-9969
Deepak JoshiDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Guowu BianDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Michael J McFaddenDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Peng LuDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Xiao LiangDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Fengrui ZhangDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Alexander S RaikhelDepartment of Entomology and Institute for Integrative Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Zhiyong XiDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Michigan State University · USHunan Normal University · CNSun Yat-sen University · CNUniversity of California, Riverside · US

Funding

Endosymbiont, Arbovirus & Mosquito Interactions and the Disease ControlR01AI080597 · NIAID · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI XI, ZHIYONG · 2009 to 2013
$1.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI080597
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A host's immune system plays a central role in shaping the composition of the microbiota and, in return, resident microbes influence immune responses. Symbiotic associations of the maternally transmitted bacterium Wolbachia occur with a wide range of arthropods. It is, however, absent from the dengue and Zika vector mosquito Aedes aegypti in nature. When Wolbachia is artificially forced to form symbiosis with this new mosquito host, it boosts the basal immune response and enhances the mosquito's resistance to pathogens, including dengue, Zika virus and malaria parasites. The mechanisms involved in establishing a symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia and A. aegypti, and the long-term outcomes of this interaction, are not well understood. Here, we have demonstrated that both the immune deficiency (IMD) and Toll pathways are activated by the Wolbachia strain wAlbB upon its introduction into A. aegypti. Silencing the Toll and IMD pathways via RNA interference reduces the wAlbB load. Notably, wAlbB induces peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LE expression in the carcass of A. aegypti, and its silencing results in a reduction of symbiont load. Using transgenic mosquitoes with stage-specific induction of the IMD and Toll pathways, we have shown that elevated wAlbB infection in these mosquitoes is maintained via maternal transmission. These results indicate that host innate immunity is utilized to establish and promote host-microbial symbiosis. Our results will facilitate a long-term projection of the stability of the Wolbachia-A. aegypti mosquito system that is being developed to control dengue and Zika virus transmission to humans.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateAedesAnimalsMosquito VectorsSymbiosisToll-Like ReceptorsWolbachiaToll-Like Receptors

Identifiers

PMID29099491
PMCPMC5739022
OpenAlexW2765596610

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.