ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2017
Gp41 and Gag amino acids linked to HIV-1 protease inhibitor-based second-line failure in HIV-1 subtype A from Western Kenya.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-integrase mechanisms for dolutegravir resistance.Retrovirology · 2026Review
- HIV drug resistance, early treatment outcomes and impact of guidelines compliance after protease inhibitor-based second-line failure in a dedicated resistance clinic in western Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in Rhode Island, USA, 2004-2021.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Epistatic pathways can drive HIV-1 escape from integrase strand transfer inhibitors.Science advances · 2024Article
- HIV-1 envelope facilitates the development of protease inhibitor resistance through acquiring mutations associated with viral entry and immune escape.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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- Article
- Baseline PI susceptibility by HIV-1 Gag-protease phenotyping and subsequent virological suppression with PI-based second-line ART in Nigeria.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Article
- HIV-1 second-line failure and drug resistance at high-level and low-level viremia in Western Kenya.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Gp41 and Gag amino acids linked to HIV-1 protease inhibitor-based second-line failure in HIV-1 subtype A from Western Kenya.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFailure of protease-inhibitor (PI)-based second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) with medication adherence but no protease drug resistance mutations (DRMs) is not well understood. This study investigated the involvement of gp41 and gag as alternative mechanisms, not captured by conventional resistance testing and particularly relevant in resource-limited settings where third-line ART is limited.
methodsWe evaluated gp41 and gag for unique amino acids in seven subtype A infected Kenyans failing second-line therapy with no PI resistance yet detectable lopinavir (query dataset), compared to seven similar-setting patients with PI resistance or undetectable lopinavir and 69 publically available subtype A Kenyan whole-genomes sequences.
resultsThree gp41 (607T, 641L, 721I) and four gag (124S, 143V, 339P, 357S) amino acids were significantly more frequent in the query dataset compared to the other datasets, with significantly high co-occurrence.
conclusionThe genotypic analysis of a unique group of HIV-1 subtype A infected patients, identified seven amino acids that could potentially contribute to a multi-gene mechanism of PI-based ART failure in the absence of PI DR mutations.
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