Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29098741›Full record

Observational studyHealth economics2018

The impact of long-term care on quality of life.

Julien Forder, Florin Vadean, Stacey Rand, Juliette Malley

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Health economics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Does long-term care insurance affect labor supply? Empirical evidence from China.International journal of health economics and management · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. The mental health implications of informal care receipt stability among older adults with persistent care needs.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
    Observational
  4. Use of the adult social care outcomes toolkit (ASCOT) in research studies: an international scoping review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Quality of life outcomes for informal carers of long-term care service users in Austria, England and Finland.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Julien ForderQuality and Outcomes of Person-centred Care Policy Research Unit (QORU), PSSRU, University of Kent, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7793-4328
Florin VadeanQuality and Outcomes of Person-centred Care Policy Research Unit (QORU), PSSRU, University of Kent, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7882-3400
Stacey RandQuality and Outcomes of Person-centred Care Policy Research Unit (QORU), PSSRU, University of Kent, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9071-2842
Juliette MalleyQuality and Outcomes of Person-centred Care Policy Research Unit (QORU), PSSRU, London School of Economics, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5759-1647

Funding

Department of Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long-term care services are provided to help people manage the consequences of impairment, but their impact goes beyond the meeting of basic needs. Accordingly, the main aim was to explore the marginal effectiveness of care when measured in terms of people's overall care-related quality of life (CRQoL) and assess changes in marginal effect for increasing intensity. The associated aim was to refine and apply an observational method to estimate marginal effectiveness. A "production function" approach was used with survey data, including Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit-measured CRQoL, whereby we statistically modelled the expected relationship between service utilisation rates and CRQoL. This method seeks to limit endogeneity issues by controlling on observables and using instrumental variable. Using a survey of publicly funded long-term care service users in England, we found that community-based long-term care significantly improved people's CRQoL but with diminishing marginal effects and effects differentiated by baseline impairment levels. There are implications for how the care system should respond to changes in global public budgets. For example, where there is unmet need, a system aimed to maximise (unadjusted) CRQoL would put more emphasis on access (more recipients) than intensity of support compared to a system operating on a needs basis.

Indexed as

Quality of LifeAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsCost-Benefit AnalysisEnglandFemaleHealth Care SurveysHealth StatusHumansLong-Term CareMaleMiddle AgedModels, EconomicNeeds Assessmentinstrumental variables estimationlong-term careproduction functionsquality of life

Identifiers

PMID29098741
PMCPMC5901009

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.