ReviewAIDS and behavior2018
Rectal Douching Associated with Receptive Anal Intercourse: A Literature Review.
Review in AIDS and behavior, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Acceptability of a Tenofovir Rectal Microbicide Douche Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: The DREAM ATN Study (ATN 163).The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Tenofovir Douche as HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis for Receptive Anal Intercourse: Safety, Acceptability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics (DREAM 01).The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- A conjoint experiment of three placebo rectal products used with receptive anal sex: results from MTN-035.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Trial
- A latent trajectory analysis of young sexual and gender minorities' adherence to three rectal microbicide placebo formulations (MTN-035; a randomized crossover trial).BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Rectal douching is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic disruption in HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Douching Is Associated With Dysregulated Rectal Mucosal Immunity in Sexual Minority Men.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Assessing the Acceptability of a Tenofovir-Based Rectal Microbicide Douche among Young Men who Have Sex with Men: Results from ATN-DREAM (ATN 163).AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Anal Sex and Tenofovir Douche Sequence Impacts Colorectal Distribution of HIV Surrogate and Douche: DREAM-02.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Acceptability of a rectal microbicide douche for HIV prevention: a mixed-methods analysis of a first-in-human formulation pilot study.Sexually transmitted infections · 2025Article
- Pleasurable and problematic receptive anal intercourse and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Sexual health and treatment-related sexual dysfunction in sexual and gender minorities with prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Review
- Hypo-osmolar rectal douche tenofovir formulation prevents simian/human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in macaques.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Article
- Getting Clear About Rectal Douching Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Article
- The use of inappropriate anal douching tool associates with increased HIV infection among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang, China.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Lubricants and rectal douching: associations with rectal gonorrhea, chlamydia, and/or syphilis infection among men who have sex with men.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2020Article
- Rectal Douching and Microbicide Acceptability among Young Men who Have Sex with Men.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Rectal Douching Practices Associated with Anal Intercourse: Implications for the Development of a Behaviorally Congruent HIV-Prevention Rectal Microbicide Douche.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To inform the development of HIV-prevention rectal douches, we reviewed the scientific literature and online instructional videos on rectal douching associated with receptive anal intercourse (RAI). Up to 88% of men who practice RAI ever have douched, while 43-64% have douched recently. Of them, 87-97% douche before RAI and 13-48% afterwards. Water, occasionally mixed with soap or salt, is used most often, although up to 31% of men use commercial products. Douching is more common among individuals reporting substance use, sexually transmitted infections, or being HIV-infected. Scant literature is available on women's rectal douching practices, but it is apparently less frequent than among men (32 vs. 70%). Videos advise using 2-3 doses of liquid and retaining it for 10-30 s before expelling. These findings can inform the development of a safe and acceptable rectal douche for HIV prevention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.