ArticleTobacco control2018
The impact of flavour, device type and warning messages on youth preferences for electronic nicotine delivery systems: evidence from an online discrete choice experiment.
Article in Tobacco control, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Evolving Landscape of Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Pooled it
- The role of sweet/fruit-flavored disposable electronic cigarettes on early nicotine initiation - a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of consumer preference for e-cigarette attributes: Flavor, nicotine strength, and type.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Discrete Choice Experiment on Financial Incentives for Engaging Young Adults in Vaping Cessation Programs.Substance use & misuse · 2025Trial
- Identifying Promising Themes for Adolescent Vaping Warnings: A National Experiment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Communicating risk differences between electronic and combusted cigarettes: the role of the FDA-mandated addiction warning and a nicotine fact sheet.Tobacco control · 2020Trial
- Adapting the Tobacco Pack Surveillance System Protocol to Assess Electronic Cigarette Packaging: Protocol for a Content Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Article
- Health warnings for electronic cigarette packaging: a rapid scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Exposure to Vape Products Elicits Neural Activity Patterns Indicative of Approach Motivation Among Young People.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Discrete choice experiment to evaluate preferences for tailored social media messages for vaping initiation prevention among sexual and gender minority youth.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The impact of e-cigarette product characteristics on attitudes and use susceptibility: an experimental study.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Preferences of Non-Metropolitan Youth Towards Accessing Mental Health Services: A Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis.The Australian journal of rural health · 2025Article
- Discrete choice experiments: a primer for the communication researcher.Frontiers in communication · 2025Article
- Canadian Youth Preferences for E-Cigarettes: A Discrete Choice Experiment.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Decisions of the FDA on premarket tobacco product applications: Changes in the number of unique devices and liquids used by US adults who frequently use electronic nicotine delivery systems, 2020-2023.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Flavors increase adolescents' willingness to try nicotine and cannabis vape products.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Adolescent and Young Adult Response to Hypothetical E-Liquid Flavor Restrictions.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2023Article
- Illegal Experimental Tobacco Marketplace II: effects of vaping product bans - findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Project.Tobacco control · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the impact of flavour, device type and health warning messages on youth preference for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and to provide evidence and data to inform the Food and Drug Administration's potential regulatory actions on ENDS.
designAn online discrete choice experiment was conducted in September 2015. Each participant was given nine choice sets and asked to choose one out of two alternative ENDS products, with varying characteristics in three attributes (flavour, device type and warning message). The impact of the attributes on the probability of choosing ENDS was analysed using conditional and nested logit regressions, controlling for individual sociodemographic characteristics and current smoking status. SETTING AND
participantsA general population sample of 515 participants (50 ever-users and 465 never-users of ENDS) aged 14-17 years were recruited to complete the experiment using an online panel.
resultsFruit/sweets/beverage flavours significantly increase the probability of choosing ENDS among youth (p<0.01 for never-users and <0.1 for ever-users) and flavour has the most pronounced impact among three attributes. Among never-users, menthol flavour also increases (p<0.05) the probability of choosing ENDS compared with tobacco flavour. Vaping devices that are modifiable, compared with cigarette-like e-cigarettes, increase (p<0.05) the probability of choosing ENDS among adolescent never-users. Warning messages reduce (p<0.01) the probability of choosing ENDS among never-users. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Restricting fruit/sweets/beverage flavours in ENDS, regulating modifiable vaping devices and adopting strong health warning messages may reduce the uptake of ENDS among youth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.