Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29096291›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2017

Discordant reporting of nonmedical amphetamine use among Adderall-using high school seniors in the US.

Joseph J Palamar, Austin Le

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Stimulant Medications and Bone Health.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Joseph J PalamarDepartment of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: joseph.palamar@nyumc.org.
Austin LeNew York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States.

Funding

Monitoring the Future: Drug Use & Lifestyles of American Youth (Supp1: Nicotine Pouch and E-cigarette Use Among US Adolescents: National Estimates of Brand Use and Flavor Preferences)R01DA001411 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Richard A Miech · 1985 to 2026
$144.9M
Substance Abuse Research Education and Training (SARET).R25DA022461 · NIDA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI JOSHUA D LEE · 2007 to 2026
$6.5M
Development of a Rapid Survey to Detect Use of New and Emerging DrugsK01DA038800 · NIDA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI PALAMAR, JOSEPH J · 2015 to 2019
$879k
NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA038800NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA001411NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA022461
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmphetamine is the most prevalent prescription stimulant in the United States, both medically and nonmedically. Reliable data on nonmedical use is needed to continue to inform prevention. To determine whether adolescents accurately self-report nonmedical amphetamine use, we compared self-reports of nonmedical amphetamine use and nonmedical Adderall use in a national sample.

methodsWe examined self-reported nonmedical Adderall and amphetamine use in a nationally representative sample of 24,740 high school seniors in the Monitoring the Future study (2010-2015). We examined prevalence and correlates of discordant responses among past-year Adderall users, defined as reporting past-year nonmedical Adderall use, but not reporting past-year nonmedical amphetamine use.

resultsWhile 6.9% reported nonmedical Adderall use and 7.9% reported nonmedical amphetamine use, over a quarter (28.7%) of Adderall users reported no amphetamine use. Those at highest risk for Adderall use tended to be at lower odds of providing a discordant response. Older students (aged ≥18), black students, and those with parents of lower educational attainment were more likely to report no amphetamine use, despite reporting Adderall use. Lifetime use of various drugs was associated with decreased odds of providing a discordant response; however, only nonmedical opioid use was associated with significant decreased odds in multivariable models. Disapproval towards amphetamine use increased odds of providing a discordant response, while higher exposure to users decreased odds of providing a discordant response.

conclusionPrevalence of nonmedical amphetamine use may be underreported on some surveys, particularly among specific subpopulations. Future surveys must ensure accurate and consistent responses.

Indexed as

AdolescentAmphetamineAmphetaminesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleOpioid-Related DisordersPrescription Drug MisusePrevalenceSchoolsSelf ReportStudentsUnited StatesAdderallAmphetamineAmphetaminesAdderallAdolescentsAmphetamineReliability of self-report

Identifiers

PMID29096291
PMCPMC5689455

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.