ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2017
Deaths Involving Fentanyl, Fentanyl Analogs, and U-47700 - 10 States, July-December 2016.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 397 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time Course of Reversal of Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression in Healthy Subjects by Intramuscular Nalmefene and Intramuscular and Intranasal Naloxone.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Extended-Release Injection vs Sublingual Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder With Fentanyl Use: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Perception of Resource Allocations to Address the Opioid Epidemic.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Single cell RNA transcriptome response to fentanyl use in persons with HIV infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Incarceration history and HIV testing among people who inject drugs in the Boston metro area: a pooled cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- OxyContin reformulation and drug-related-arrest rates, property-related crimes, child maltreatment and food pantry participation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Regulating quasi-legal markets: Evidence from pain management clinic laws.Journal of public economics · 2025Article
- Harm reduction in the fourth wave of the opioid epidemic: A case series investigation of the effectiveness of definitive vs presumptive urine drug testing for opioid use disorder with co-occurring polysubstance use.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Astrocytes and Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Conduits in Opiate-Mediated Neurological Disorders.Cells · 2025Review
- Functional modulation of retrotrapezoid neurons drives fentanyl-induced respiratory depression.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Trends in stimulant use among patients with opioid use disorder receiving substance use treatment: Findings from a prospective cohort study from 2013 to 2020.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- "I think that that really could benefit a lonely user:" perceptions of overdose response hotlines among people who use opioids.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Fentanyl and Butyryl Fentanyl in Oral Fluid.Analytical science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Implementing and documenting cultural adaption of evidence-based practice strategies to reduce opioid overdose deaths: examples and lessons from the HEALing communities study.Discover public health · 2025Article
- The burden of unlawful use of opioid and associated epidemiological characteristics in Africa: A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Challenges and recommendations for overdose prevention and harm reduction in an era of fentanyl and xylazine: Perspectives of women with opioid use disorder and professionals.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl analogs found in illicit drug markets.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preliminary estimates of U.S. drug overdose deaths exceeded 60,000 in 2016 and were partially driven by a fivefold increase in overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids (excluding methadone), from 3,105 in 2013 to approximately 20,000 in 2016 (1,2). Illicitly manufactured fentanyl, a synthetic opioid 50-100 times more potent than morphine, is primarily responsible for this rapid increase (3,4). In addition, fentanyl analogs such as acetylfentanyl, furanylfentanyl, and carfentanil are being detected increasingly in overdose deaths (5,6) and the illicit opioid drug supply (7). Carfentanil is estimated to be 10,000 times more potent than morphine (8). Estimates of the potency of acetylfentanyl and furanylfentanyl vary but suggest that they are less potent than fentanyl (9). Estimates of relative potency have some uncertainty because illicit fentanyl analog potency has not been evaluated in humans. This report describes opioid overdose deaths during July-December 2016 that tested positive for fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, or U-47700, an illicit synthetic opioid, in 10 states participating in CDC's Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance (ESOOS) program.* Fentanyl analogs are similar in chemical structure to fentanyl but not routinely detected because specialized toxicology testing is required. Fentanyl was detected in at least half of opioid overdose deaths in seven of 10 states, and 57% of fentanyl-involved deaths also tested positive for other illicit drugs, such as heroin. Fentanyl analogs were present in >10% of opioid overdose deaths in four states, with carfentanil, furanylfentanyl, and acetylfentanyl identified most frequently. Expanded surveillance for opioid overdoses, including testing for fentanyl and fentanyl analogs, assists in tracking the rapidly changing illicit opioid market and informing innovative interventions designed to reduce opioid overdose deaths.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.