Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29095538›Full record

ArticleDepression and anxiety2017

The impact of race and ethnicity on rates of return to psychotherapy for depression.

John E Zeber, Karen J Coleman, Heidi Fischer, Tae K Yoon, Brian K Ahmedani, Arne Beck, Samuel Hubley, Zac E Imel, Rebecca C Rossom, Susan M Shortreed and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Depression and anxiety, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Psychotherapy Engagement Before and After a Rapid Transition to Telehealth During COVID-19 for Older Adults With Dementia.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
    Article
  5. The rapid shift to virtual mental health care: Examining psychotherapy disruption by rurality status.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Provider Contributions to Disparities in Mental Health Care.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

John E ZeberBaylor Scott & White Health, Center for Applied Health Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.
Karen J ColemanKaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2052-0885
Heidi FischerKaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Tae K YoonKaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Brian K AhmedaniHenry Ford Health System, Behavioral Health Services and Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Detroit, MI, USA.
Arne BeckKaiser Permanente Colorado, Institute for Health Research, Denver, CO, USA.
Samuel HubleyUniversity of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
Zac E ImelUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Rebecca C RossomHealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Susan M ShortreedGroup Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Christine StewartGroup Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Beth E WaitzfelderKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Greg E SimonGroup Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2859-5467
Kaiser Permanente · USKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute · USCentral Texas Veterans Health Care System · USHealthPartners · USHenry Ford Health System · USKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · USUniversity of Utah · US

Funding

SSRI's and SuicidalityU19MH092201 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SIMON, GREGORY E. · 2010 to 2018
$19.5M
NIMH NIH HHS U19 MH092201
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are many limitations with the evidence base for the role of race and ethnicity in continuation of psychotherapy for depression.

methodsThe study sample consisted of 242,765 patients ≥ 18 years old from six healthcare systems in the Mental Health Research Network (MHRN) who had a new episode of psychotherapy treatment for depression between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2013. Data were from electronic medical records and organized in a Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW). The odds of racial and ethnic minority patients returning for a second psychotherapy visit within 45 days of the initial session were examined using multilevel regression.

resultsThe sample was primarily middle aged (68%, 30-64 years old), female (68.5%), and non-Hispanic white (50.7%), had commercial insurance (81.4%), and a low comorbidity burden (68.8% had no major comorbidities). Return rates within 45 days of the first psychotherapy visit were 47.6%. Compared to their non-Hispanic white counterparts, racial and ethnic minority patients were somewhat less likely to return to psychotherapy for a second visit (adjusted odds ratios [aORs] ranged from 0.80 to 0.90). Healthcare system was a much stronger predictor of return rates (aORs ranged from 0.89 to 5.53), while providers accounted for 21.1% of the variance in return rates.

conclusionsProvider and healthcare system variation were stronger predictors of patient return to psychotherapy than race and ethnicity. More research is needed to understand why providers and healthcare systems determine psychotherapy return rates for patients of all racial and ethnic groups.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedDepressionDepressive DisorderFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMinority GroupsPsychotherapyWhite PeopleYoung Adulthealthcare system variabilityprovider variabilityrace and ethnicity

Identifiers

PMID29095538
PMCPMC5718939
OpenAlexW2766553322

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.