ArticleAIDS and behavior2018
Utility of Different Adherence Measures for PrEP: Patterns and Incremental Value.
Article in AIDS and behavior, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Strategies to Improve PrEP Adherence in People Who Use Drugs: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Concentration in Hair as a Measure for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review of Global Literature.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Pharmacologic Drug Detection and Self-Reported Adherence in the HPTN069/ACTG5305 Phase II PrEP Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- Monitoring adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents in Southern Uganda: comparing Wisepill to Self-report in predicting viral suppression in a cluster-randomized trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Trial
- Short- and Long-Term Pharmacologic Measures of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among High-Risk Men Who Have Sex With Men in HPTN 067/ADAPT.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Sexual Risk Behavior in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Considering PrEP, HIV Viral Load, and Inhibition Conflict.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Engagement Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- A Cross-Biomeasure Study to Optimize Antiretroviral Adherence Estimation.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Alignment of PrEP adherence and HIV exposure risk among pregnant and postpartum women in Lilongwe, Malawi.PloS one · 2025Article
- Structural Influences on Methamphetamine Use Among Black Sexual Minority Men (HISTORY Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Quantification of Antiviral Drug Tenofovir (TFV) by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Using Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDFs).ACS omega · 2024Article
- Article
- HIV Prevention and Care Among Black Cisgender Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women: Protocol for an HIV Status-Neutral Cohort Study Using an Observational-Implementation Hybrid Approach.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Performance of Multiple Adherence Measures for pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Young Women in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of a Telehealth HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Intervention Among Young Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Between- and Within-Individual Sociodemographic and Psychological Determinants of PrEP Adherence Among Men Who have Sex with Men Prescribed a Daily PrEP Regimen in Wales.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Lessons Learned From the Implementation of a Pilot Study on Self-collected Specimen Return by Sexual Minority Men (Project Caboodle!): Qualitative Exploration.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Perceptions and Experiences of Returning Self-collected Specimens for HIV, Bacterial STI and Potential PrEP Adherence Testing among Sexual Minority Men in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Measuring PrEP adherence remains challenging. In 2009-2010, the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative randomized phase II trial participants to daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine or placebo in Uganda and Kenya. Adherence was measured by electronic monitoring (EM), self-report (SR), and drug concentrations in plasma and hair. Each adherence measure was categorised as low, moderate, or high and also considered continuously; the incremental value of combining measures was determined. Forty-five participants were followed over 4 months. Discrimination for EM adherence by area under receiver operating curves (AROC) was poor for SR (0.53) and best for hair (AROC 0.85). When combining hair with plasma or hair with self-report, discrimination was improved (AROC > 0.9). Self-reported adherence was of low utility by itself. Hair level was the single best PK measure to predict EM-assessed adherence; the other measurements had lower discrimination values. Combining short-term (plasma) and long-term (hair) metrics could be useful to assess patterns of drug-taking in the context of PrEP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.