ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2017
Revisiting atenolol as a low passive permeability marker.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between 21 Medications and Negative Emotions: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis in Asian Populations.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Rat PermQ: A permeability- and perfusion-based physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for improved prediction of drug concentration-time profiles in rat.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2025Article
- Article
- Application of a new MDCKII-MDR1 cell model to measure the extent of drug distribution in vitro at equilibrium for prediction of in vivo unbound brain-to-plasma drug distribution.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Sweet Cherry Extract as Permeation Enhancer of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Promising Prospective for Future Oral Anticancer Therapies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Development and Characterization of an In Vitro Intestinal Model Including Extracellular Matrix and Macrovascular Endothelium.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Fighting Plasmodium chloroquine resistance with acetylenic chloroquine analogues.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Modeling Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability to Solutes and Drugs In Vivo.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
- Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid-to-brain extracellular fluid surrogacy is context-specific: insights from LeiCNS-PK3.0 simulations.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2021Article
- Understanding the brain uptake and permeability of small molecules through the BBB: A technical overview.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2021Review
- Applicability of free drug hypothesis to drugs with good membrane permeability that are not efflux transporter substrates: A microdialysis study in rats.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2020Article
- Intestinal Permeability and Drug Absorption: Predictive Experimental, Computational and In Vivo Approaches.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Molecular transport through primary human small intestinal monolayers by culture on a collagen scaffold with a gradient of chemical cross-linking.Journal of biological engineering · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAtenolol, a hydrophilic beta blocker, has been used as a model drug for studying passive permeability of biological membranes such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the intestinal epithelium. However, the extent of S-atenolol (the active enantiomer) distribution in brain has never been evaluated, at equilibrium, to confirm that no transporters are involved in its transport at the BBB.
methodsTo assess whether S-atenolol, in fact, depicts the characteristics of a low passive permeable drug at the BBB, a microdialysis study was performed in rats to monitor the unbound concentrations of S-atenolol in brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and plasma during and after intravenous infusion. A pharmacokinetic model was developed, based on the microdialysis data, to estimate the permeability clearance of S-atenolol into and out of brain. In addition, the nonspecific binding of S-atenolol in brain homogenate was evaluated using equilibrium dialysis.
resultsThe steady-state ratio of unbound S-atenolol concentrations in brain ECF to that in plasma (i.e., K
conclusionsIt is concluded, based on K
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.