ReviewClinical drug investigation2018
West Syndrome: A Review and Guide for Paediatricians.
Review in Clinical drug investigation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of vigabatrin in the treatment of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Epilepsia open · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical application of HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway-mediated neuroinflammatory markers in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome): Integrating Genetic, Neurotrophic, and Hormonal Mechanisms Toward Precision Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone combined with vigabatrin as a second-line therapy for West syndrome.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Article
- No single treatment modality exhibits clear superiority for infantile spasms syndrome: insights from a retrospective cohort study.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Article
- The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor HCA2 is required for the protective effect of ketogenic diet in epilepsy.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2024Article
- Timing the clinical onset of epileptic spasms in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A tertiary health center's experience.Epilepsia · 2024Article
- Ketogenic diets therapy in the management of epileptic spasms syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Application of peripheral blood cytokine and immunoglobulin detection in ACTH therapy for the treatment of infantile spasms.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Response to magnesium sulfate and adrenocorticotropic hormone combination therapy for infantile spasms with failed first-line treatments.Pediatric investigation · 2023Article
- Article
- Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Infantile Spasms.Neurology international · 2022Article
- Altered topological organization of resting-state functional networks in children with infantile spasms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Automatic BASED scoring on scalp EEG in children with infantile spasms using convolutional neural network.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC EPILEPSIES.Acta clinica Croatica · 2021Article
- A Rare Cause of Hemoptysis in West Syndrome-Isolated Aortopulmonary Collaterals in Structurally Normal Heart.The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2021Article
- West syndrome: a comprehensive review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Review
- New Insights into Potocki-Shaffer Syndrome: Report of Two Novel Cases and Literature Review.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- Modeling epileptic spasms during infancy: Are we heading for the treatment yet?Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
West syndrome (WS), also known as infantile spasms, occurs in infancy with a peak between 4 and 7 months. Spasms, neurodevelopmental regression and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram (EEG) basically define WS. The International League Against Epilepsy commission classifies the aetiologies of WS into genetic, structural, metabolic and unknown. Early diagnosis and a shorter lag time to treatment are essential for the overall outcome of WS patients. These goals are feasible with the addition of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic and metabolic testing. The present work analysed the medical literature on WS and reports the principal therapeutic protocols of its management. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), vigabatrin (VGB) and corticosteroids are the first-line treatments for WS. There is no unique therapeutic protocol for ACTH, but most of the evidence suggests that low doses are as effective as high doses for short-term treatment, which is generally 2 weeks followed by dose tapering. VGB is generally administered at doses from 50 to 150 mg/kg/day, but its related retinal toxicity, which occurs in 21-34% of infants, is most frequently observed when treatment periods last longer than 6 months. Among corticosteroids, a treatment of 14 days of oral prednisolone (40-60 mg/day) has been considered effective and well tolerated. Considering that an early diagnosis and a shorter lag time to treatment are essential for successful outcomes in these patients, further studies on efficacy of the different therapeutic approaches with evaluation of final outcome after cessation of therapy are needed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.