ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2018
Canine invasive mammary carcinomas as models of human breast cancer. Part 1: natural history and prognostic factors.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormone, Targeted, and Combinational Therapies for Breast Cancers: From Humans to Dogs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Nanoparticulate Immunoactive Complex for Local Chemoimmunotherapy: From Murine Models to Pilot Canine Study.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Conserved mRNA expression patterns of the Klotho family in canine mammary tumors and human breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An Update on the Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cells · 2026Review
- Expression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Ki-67 in Synchronous Canine Mammary Tumors.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Predictors of histologically confirmed local recurrence and no evident association of wound soaker catheter use with local recurrence in dogs with grade II-III mammary carcinomas: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and prognostic values of differentially expressed genes in canine mammary carcinoma: An integrated bioinformatics analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Retrospective Analysis of Prevalence of Tumors in Dogs and Cats in Lithuania.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Opportunities in the translational pipeline for pediatric brain cancer therapies.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Establishment and Partial Characterization of Canine Mammary Tumor Cell Lines.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Androgen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Establishment of primary cell cultures from canine mammary gland malignant tumours: a preliminary study.Journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Intensive Multimodal Chemotherapy in a Dog Suffering from Grade III/Stage IV Solid Mammary Carcinoma.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Integrated Study of Canine Mammary Tumors Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Cytogenetic Findings.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Immunohistochemistry Screening of Different Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Canine Solid Tumors-Part I: Proposal of a Receptor Panel to Predict Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Multifactoral immune modulation potentiates durable remission in multiple models of aggressive malignancy.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Risk factor analysis and clinicopathological characteristics of female dogs with mammary tumours from a single-center retrospective study in Poland.Scientific reports · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDogs have been proposed as spontaneous animal models of human breast cancer, based on clinicopathologic similarities between canine and human mammary carcinomas. We hypothesized that a better knowledge of the natural history and prognostic factors of canine invasive mammary carcinomas would favor the design of preclinical trials using dogs as models of breast cancer.
methodsThe 2-year outcome of 350 female dogs with spontaneous invasive mammary carcinoma was studied. The investigated prognostic factors included age at diagnosis, pathologic tumor size, pathologic nodal stage, lymphovascular invasion, histological grade, and expression of Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), Progesterone Receptor, Ki-67, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, basal cytokeratins 5/6, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Multivariate survival analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsThe overall survival after mastectomy was 11 months. Within 1 year post mastectomy, 41.5% of dogs (145/350) died from their mammary carcinoma. By multivariate analysis, the significant prognostic factors for overall survival included a pathologic tumor size larger than 20 mm [HR 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.89)], a positive nodal stage [pN+, HR 1.89 (1.43-2.48)], a histological grade III [HR 1.32 (1.02-1.69)], ERα negativity [HR 1.39 (1.01-1.89)], a high Ki-67 proliferation index [HR 1.32 (1.04-1.67)], and EGFR absence [HR 1.33 (1.04-1.69)].
conclusionThe short natural history of spontaneous canine invasive mammary carcinomas and high rate of cancer-related death allow for rapid termination of preclinical investigations. The prognostic factors of invasive mammary carcinomas are remarkably similar in dogs and humans, highlighting the similarities in cancer biology between both species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.