ArticlePsychopharmacology2018
High and escalating levels of cocaine intake are dissociable from subsequent incentive motivation for the drug in rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intermittent and extended cocaine access attenuate cocaine-vs-food choice in male and female rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Uncovering phenotypic diversity and cell-type-specific prefrontal cortex calcium dynamics in rat fentanyl self-administration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Distinct ensembles in the prelimbic cortex track different measures of motivation for cocaine and water reinforcers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reward-associated cues reduce H-current amplitude in midbrain dopamine neurons.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Dissociation of intake and incentive sensitization during intermittent- and continuous-access heroin self-administration in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Genetic Loci Influencing Cue-Reactivity in Heterogeneous Stock Rats.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Article
- Delineating anticipatory arousal from reward consumption: evaluating fixed-intervals in cocaine seeking-taking response chains.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Relapse after intermittent access to cocaine: Discriminative cues more effectively trigger drug seeking than do conditioned cues.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Effects of access condition on substance use disorder-like phenotypes in male and female rats self-administering MDPV or cocaine.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- KAddiction biology · 2024Article
- Genomic Loci Influencing Cue-Reactivity in Heterogeneous Stock Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Effects of access condition on substance use disorder-like phenotypes in male and female rats self-administering MDPV or cocaine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A test of the role of stimulus-response and stimulus-outcome associations in the effects of intermittent-access training.Behavioural processes · 2024Article
- Intermittent-access operant alcohol self-administration promotes binge-like drinking and drinking despite negative consequences in male and female heterogeneous stock rats.Neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Metabotropic glutamate group II receptor activation in the ventrolateral dorsal striatum suppresses incentive motivation for cocaine in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Intermittent access cocaine self-administration produces context-specific escalation and increased motivation.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Cocaine-induced plasticity, motivation, and cue responsivity do not differ in obesity-prone vs obesity-resistant rats; implications for food addiction.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Intermittent access training produces greater motivation for a non-drug reinforcer than long access training.Learning & behavior · 2022Article
- Drug versus non-drug behaviors: A dual-reward model of sex differences and neurobiological mechanisms in rats.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Article
- The experimental tobacco marketplace: Effects of low-ventilated cigarette exposure.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleTaking high and increasing amounts of cocaine is thought to be necessary for the development of addiction. Consequently, a widely used animal model of drug self-administration involves giving animals continuous drug access during long sessions (LgA), as this produces high and escalating levels of intake. However, human cocaine addicts likely use the drug with an intermittent rather than continuous pattern, producing spiking brain cocaine levels.
objectivesUsing an intermittent-access (IntA) cocaine self-administration procedure in rats, we studied the relationship between escalation of cocaine intake and later incentive motivation for the drug, as measured by responding under a progressive ratio schedule of cocaine reinforcement.
resultsFirst, under IntA, rats escalated their cocaine use both within and between sessions. However, escalation did not predict later incentive motivation for the drug. Second, incentive motivation for cocaine was similar in IntA-rats limited to low- and non-escalating levels of drug intake (IntA-Lim) and in IntA-rats that took high and escalating levels of drug. Finally, IntA-Lim rats took much less cocaine than rats given continuous drug access during each self-administration session (LgA-rats). However, IntA-Lim rats later responded more for cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement.
conclusionsTaking large and escalating quantities of cocaine does not appear necessary to increase incentive motivation for the drug. Taking cocaine in an intermittent pattern-even in small amounts-is more effective in producing this addiction-relevant change. Thus, beyond the amount of drug taken, the temporal kinetics of drug use predict change in drug use over time.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.