ReviewFrontiers in neurology2017
Definition and Diagnosis of the Trigeminocardiac Reflex: A Grounded Theory Approach for an Update.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Comparison of Remimazolam and Propofol for Intravenous Anesthesia on Trigeminocardiac Reflex in Percutaneous Balloon Compression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Prophylactic intra-arterial injection of lidocaine: a novel strategy to prevent endovascular embolization-induced trigeminocardiac reflex.Journal of neurointerventional surgery · 2023Trial
- Review
- Trigemino-Vagal Recalibration in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Prospective Cohort Study on the "60-Minute Autonomic Cliff," "Trigger Mass," and Recovery Dynamics in 1115 Dental Procedures.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Environmental conditions and cardiac autonomic function during an Antarctic summer expedition at James Ross Island.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Oculocardiac Reflex During Peribulbar Block: A Case Emphasizing the Role of Monitoring in Early Recognition.Cureus · 2026Article
- Recurrent Bronchospasm During Intra-arterial Chemotherapy via IMAX Access for Retinoblastoma: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Ventricular Asystole During Le Fort I Orthognathic Surgery: A Case Consistent with Trigeminocardiac Reflex and a Mini Review.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Effects of non-invasive trigeminal nerve stimulation frequency and duration on cardiovascular responses.Biomedical engineering letters · 2026Article
- The Trigeminocardiac Reflex? Severe Bradycardia Secondary to Facial Trauma: A Case Report.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the correlation between dental procedures and trigemino-cardiac reflex.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Case Report: A case series: heart rate variability during dental treatment with vasovagal reflex.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Dural manipulation coinciding with transient asystole during lumbar spine surgery: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2024Article
- Orbital blowout fractures: manifestations and missed diagnoses in 207 surgically treated patients.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2024Article
- Intra-operative hypertension as a predictor of surgical outcomes in microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Article
- Perioperative adverse cardiac events in maxillofacial surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2024Article
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation: a bibliometric study on current research hotspots and status.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Autonomic dysfunction as a possible cause of sudden cardiac death in swimming sports.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Unstable bradycardia induced by posterior nasal packing: a rare activation of the Trigeminocardiacreflex.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is defined as sudden onset of parasympathetic dysrhythmias including hemodynamic irregularities, apnea, and gastric hypermotility during stimulation of sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. Since the first description of the TCR in 1999, there is an ongoing discussion about a more emergent clinical definition. In this work, the author worked out an approach to such an improved definition.
methodsIn this study, a grounded theory approach was used. Literature about TCR was systematically identified through PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE (Ovid SP), and ISI Web of Sciences databases from 1/2005 until 8/2015. TCR was defined as a drop of heart rate (HR) below 60 bpm or 20% to the baseline. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze and interpret the data through a synthesis by the researcher's perspectives, values, and positions.
resultsOut of the included studies, the authors formed available data to an update of the understanding of changes in hemodynamic parameters (HR and blood pressure) in a TCR. According to this update, an HR deceleration should be a constant observation to identify a TCR episode while a drop in blood pressure should probably not being fixed to a certain percentage of decrease.
conclusionThe here presented working definition improves our understanding of the TCR. It leads the way to a new understanding of the TCR for a proper clinical definition.
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