Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29084463›Full record

ReviewExpert review of anti-infective therapy2017

Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts.

Michael R Hamblin

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Photodynamic anti-biofilm PHEMA/Rose Bengal hydrogels enhanced by iodide: evidence for hydrogen peroxide and triiodide formation.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. New cationic diketopyrrolopyrrole photosensitizers for the photoinactivation of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with potassium iodide and methylene blue: targeting oral biofilm viability.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  15. Article
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  17. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michael R Hamblina Massachusetts General Hospital , Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Boston , MA , USA.
Massachusetts General Hospital · US

Funding

Photodynamic Therapy of Localized InfectionsR01AI050875 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R · 2003 to 2017
$4.8M
Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy for Catherer-Associated Urinary Tract InfectionsR21AI121700 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R · 2016 to 2017
$462k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050875NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI121700
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAntimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of non-toxic dyes excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can destroy all classes of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Selectivity of killing microbes over host mammalian cells allows this approach (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, aPDT) to be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic approach for localized infections especially those that are drug-resistant. Areas covered: We have discovered that aPDI can be potentiated (up to 6 logs of extra killing) by the addition of simple inorganic salts. The most powerful and versatile salt is potassium iodide, but potassium bromide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sodium nitrite also show potentiation. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. Another mechanism involves two-electron oxidation of iodide/bromide to form hypohalites. A third mechanism involves a one-electron oxidation of azide anion to form azide radical. Expert commentary: The addition of iodide has been shown to improve the performance of aPDT in several animal models of localized infection. KI is non-toxic and is an approved drug for antifungal therapy, so its transition to clinical use in aPDT should be straightforward.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Infective AgentsBacteriaBromidesCommunicable DiseasesDrug SynergismFungiHumansOxidation-ReductionPhotochemotherapyPhotosensitizing AgentsPotassium CompoundsPotassium IodideReactive Oxygen SpeciesSodium AzideTranslational Research, BiomedicalAnti-Infective AgentsBromidesPhotosensitizing Agentspotassium bromidePotassium CompoundsPotassium IodideReactive Oxygen SpeciesSodium AzideAntimicrobial photodynamic inactivationfullerenesmethylene bluephotochemical mechanismpotassium iodideRose Bengaltitanium dioxide photocatalysis

Identifiers

PMID29084463
PMCPMC5706449
OpenAlexW2767064005

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.