Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29084405›Full record

Observational studyObesity facts2017

Reduction of Portion Size and Eating Rate Is Associated with BMI-SDS Reduction in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: Results on Eating and Nutrition Behaviour from the Observational KgAS Study.

Gabriel Torbahn, Ines Gellhaus, Benjamin Koch, Rüdiger von Kries, Viola Obermeier, Reinhard W Holl, Katharina Fink, Andreas van Egmond-Fröhlich

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Obesity facts, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03821818 (Food Allergen Eliminations and Combined Protocols for Obesity Reduction), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03821818 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Food Allergen Eliminations and Combined Protocols for Obesity Reduction: a Preliminary Comparison Study

TypeobservationalSponsorGalveston Clinical Research FoundationRan2018 to 2019Enrolled20ConditionsObesityArmsFood Allergy Elimination + Willis Exercise
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. A systematic review of the relationship between portion size and indexes of adiposity in children.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gabriel TorbahnInstitute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Ines Gellhaus
Benjamin Koch
Rüdiger von Kries
Viola Obermeier
Reinhard W Holl
Katharina Fink
Andreas van Egmond-Fröhlich

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTreatment of paediatric obesity focuses on changes of nutrition and eating behaviour and physical activity. The evaluation of the patient education programme by KgAS was utilised to analyse the association of changes of portion size, eating rate and dietary habits with BMI-SDS reductions.

methodsPatients (n = 297) were examined at the beginning and at the end of treatment and after 1-year follow-up at different out-patient centres. Their parents completed questionnaires including estimation of children's portion size, eating rate and frequency of food intake. Associations of 1- and 2-year changes in BMI-SDS and behaviour were calculated for patients with complete data in BMI-SDS, portion size, eating rate, frequency of green, yellow and red food intake (n = 131) by multiple linear regression models.

resultsSignificant changes were found in the desired direction for BMI-SDS, portion size, eating rate and the intake of unfavourable red food items both after 1 and 2 years as well as for the consumption of favourable green food items after 1 year. Significant positive associations with BMI-SDS reduction after 1 and 2 years were detected for portion size (Cohen's f2 0.13 and 0.09) and eating rate (Cohen's f2 0.20 and 0.10), respectively.

conclusionReduced portion sizes and eating rates are associated with BMI-SDS reduction after 1 and 2 years. These findings suggest to focus on appropriate portion sizes and reduced eating rates in patient education programmes.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexPortion SizeAdolescentChildEatingFeeding BehaviorFemaleGermanyHumansMaleOverweightPediatric ObesitySurveys and QuestionnairesAdolescence obesityChildhood obesityConservative treatmentEating ratePortion size

Identifiers

PMID29084405
PMCPMC5741167

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.