ReviewBrain sciences2017
Bipolar Disorder and Immune Dysfunction: Epidemiological Findings, Proposed Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.
Review in Brain sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Complete blood count-based inflammatory ratios in people with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, monocyte-to-lymphocyte, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- Bipolar disorder and the gut microbiota: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on MS-Based Proteomics Applied to Human Peripheral Fluids to Assess Potential Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Secondary Mania induced by TNF-α inhibitors: A systematic review.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ketamine's effect on inflammation and kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of bipolar disorder in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Evidence-based mental health · 2021Pooled it
- The association between antibodies to neurotropic pathogens and bipolar disorder : A study in the Dutch Bipolar (DB) Cohort and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Integrative TWAS and multi-omics analyses prioritize HSPE1 as a candidate risk gene for bipolar disorder with immune cell-specific regulatory evidence.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Genotype epigenome phenotype integration reveals peripheral immune contributions to type I bipolar disorder.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Somatic morbidity in bipolar disorders.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Thyroid peroxidase antibodies in bipolar disorder: implications for clinical sub-phenotypes and lithium response.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Complete blood count-based inflammation indexes and symptom severity in people with bipolar disorder: an analysis based on structural equation modelling.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Inflammatory ratios as predictors of length of hospitalization in psychiatric patients: A multicenter study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists as emerging therapeutics in bipolar disorder: a narrative review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Treatment of obesity with liraglutide in bipolar disorder: a case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neuroserpin, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Interleukin-6 Serum Levels in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2026Article
- Phenome-wide screening of the putative causal determinants of bipolar affective disorder using genetic data.PloS one · 2026Article
- Peripheral complement C3 and C4 are associated with clinical features of schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is strongly associated with immune dysfunction. Replicated epidemiological studies have demonstrated that BD has high rates of inflammatory medical comorbidities, including autoimmune disorders, chronic infections, cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Cytokine studies have demonstrated that BD is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation with further increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels during mood episodes. Several mechanisms have been identified to explain the bidirectional relationship between BD and immune dysfunction. Key mechanisms include cytokine-induced monoamine changes, increased oxidative stress, pathological microglial over-activation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis over-activation, alterations of the microbiome-gut-brain axis and sleep-related immune changes. The inflammatory-mood pathway presents several potential novel targets in the treatment of BD. Several proof-of-concept clinical trials have shown a positive effect of anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of BD; however, further research is needed to determine the clinical utility of these treatments. Immune dysfunction is likely to only play a role in a
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.