ReviewJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2018
Evolving Models and Ongoing Challenges for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Implementation in the United States.
Review in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Racism, homophobia, and the sexual health of young Black men who have sex with men in the United States: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Discontinuation, suboptimal adherence, and reinitiation of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. HIV · 2022Pooled it
- PrEP distribution in pharmacies: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Integration of pre-exposure prophylaxis services into public HIV care clinics in Kenya: a pragmatic stepped-wedge randomised trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Trial
- Predictors of Long-Term HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence After Study Participation in Men Who Have Sex With Men.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Co-designing a Blueprint for Home Delivery of Long-Acting Injectable Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Sexual Minority Men in Chicago.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Advancing systems thinking in implementation science: An epidemiologic perspective.Annals of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Exploring Access to and Use of Community Resources and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Interest Among Black and Latina Women in Texas.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2026Article
- Developing the PATH-GP (Prevention and Testing for HIV in General Practice) intervention: a person-based approach intervention development study to increase HIV testing and PrEP access.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Becoming one with the community: a grounded theory-derived context-specific framework exploring AIDS service organization strategies for implementing pre-exposure prophylaxis outreach among African American populations.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Diagnostic performance of HIV risk assessment tools for identifying pre-exposure prophylaxis candidates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Implementation Determinants of PrEP and Behavioral Health Treatment Referral among HIV Test Counselors.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Strengthening the US Health Workforce to End the HIV Epidemic: Lessons Learned From 11 Ending the HIV Epidemic Jurisdictions.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Innovation in Providing Equitable Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Services in the United States: Expanding Access in Nontraditional Settings.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Demand Creation: Overlooked Populations and Opportunities to Move Forward.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Article
- Mapping Implementation Strategies to Address Barriers to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Women Through POWER Up (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Optimization Among Women to Enhance Retention and Uptake): Content Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Article
- Co-designing strategies to implement long-acting injectable PrEP for sexual minority men in Chicago: a study protocol for an innovation tournament and implementation mapping.Implementation science communications · 2024Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2012, but delivery to at-risk persons has lagged. This critical review analyzes the current state of PrEP implementation in the United States, by reviewing barriers and innovative solutions to enhance PrEP access and uptake.
settingClinical care settings, public health programs, and community-based organizations (CBOs).
methodsCritical review of recent peer-reviewed literature.
resultsMore than 100 papers were reviewed. PrEP is currently provided in diverse settings. Care models include sexually transmitted disease clinics, community health centers, CBOs, pharmacies, and private primary care providers (PCPs). Sexually transmitted disease clinics have staff trained in sexual health counseling and are linked to public health programs (eg, partner notification services), whereas PCPs and community health centers may be less comfortable counseling and feel time-constrained in managing PrEP. However, PCPs may be ideal PrEP providers, given their long-term relationships with patients, integrating PrEP into routine care. Collaborations with CBOs can expand PrEP care through adherence support and insurance navigation. Pharmacies can deliver PrEP, given their experience with medication dispensing and counseling, and may be more accessible for some patients, but to address other health concerns, liaisons with PCPs may be needed.
conclusionsPrEP implementation in the United States is moving forward with the development of diverse models of delivery. Optimal scale-up will require learning about the best features of each model and providing choices to consumers that enhance engagement and uptake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.