ReviewCephalalgia : an international journal of headache2019
Gender aspects of CGRP in migraine.
Review in Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Giving Researchers a Headache - Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Perimenstrual repetitive greater occipital nerve blockade for menstrual migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.BMC neurology · 2026Trial
- Serum calcitonin gene-related peptide in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms, including headache: a cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of eye movement exercise and diaphragmatic breathing with jogging in reducing migraine symptoms: A preliminary, randomized comparison trial.Brain and behavior · 2023Trial
- Trigeminovascular effects of propranolol in men and women, role for sex steroids.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Trial
- Impact of age and sex on the efficacy of fremanezumab in patients with difficult-to-treat migraine: results of the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3b FOCUS study.The journal of headache and pain · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and safety of erenumab in women with a history of menstrual migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2020Trial
- The Neurology of Menopause.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Cochlear Functional Changes and CGRP Modulation in a Chronic Nitroglycerin Migraine-Like Rat Model.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Pediatric migraine: Neurodevelopmental mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and modern therapeutics.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Real-world effectiveness and safety of CGRP monoclonal antibodies in elderly migraine patients: a Korean multicenter study.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Esculetin attenuates migraine-like pain via CGRP suppression and meningeal mast cell modulation in rat models.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of rimegepant in Chinese women with pure menstrual migraine: a retrospective observational study.BMC neurology · 2026Observational
- Sex-specific considerations in migraine therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Amygdalar calcitonin gene-related peptide driven effects of cold sensitivity induced by peripheral neuropathy in mice.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- Semaphorin 7A regulates axon outgrowth in subcutaneous white adipose tissue.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection changes the transcriptome of the mouse trigeminal ganglion and brainstem: potential mechanisms underlying headache and trigeminal pain presentation in COVID-19.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- CGRP and Migraine: Real-World Insights and Future Therapeutic Directions.Annual review of medicine · 2026Review
- Epigenetics in migraine: the Junior Editorial Board Members' vision.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Sex difference in TRPM3 channel functioning in nociceptive and vascular systems: an emerging target for migraine therapy in females?The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMigraine is two to three times more prevalent in women than in men, but the mechanisms involved in this gender disparity are still poorly understood. In this respect, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology and, more recently, the functional interactions between ovarian steroid hormones, CGRP and the trigeminovascular system have been recognized and studied in more detail.
aimsTo provide an overview of CGRP studies that have addressed gender differences utilizing animal and human migraine preclinical research models to highlight how the female trigeminovascular system responds differently in the presence of varying ovarian steroid hormones.
conclusionsGender differences are evident in migraine. Several studies indicate that fluctuations of ovarian steroid hormone (mainly estrogen) levels modulate CGRP in the trigeminovascular system during different reproductive milestones. Such interactions need to be considered when conducting future animal and human experiments, since these differences may contribute to the development of gender-specific therapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.