ReviewGenesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)2018
Appendages and gene regulatory networks: Lessons from the limbless.
Review in Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary patterns in squamate mitogenomes: Are selective regimes associated with fossoriality and limblessness?Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- A near telomere-to-telomere phased genome assembly and annotation for the Australian central bearded dragon Pogona vitticeps.GigaScience · 2025Article
- A new cell culture resource for investigations of reptilian gene function.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Convergent Degenerated Regulatory Elements Associated with Limb Loss in Limbless Amphibians and Reptiles.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Comparative embryology of Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale), Balaena mysticetus (bowhead whale), and Stenella attenuata (pan-tropical spotted dolphin) (Cetacea: Mammalia).Journal of morphology · 2023Article
- Ocular elongation and retraction in foveated reptiles.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2021Article
- Hidden limbs in the "limbless skink" Brachymeles lukbani: Developmental observations.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Pigeon foot feathering reveals conserved limb identity networks.Developmental biology · 2019Article
- Phenotype loss is associated with widespread divergence of the gene regulatory landscape in evolution.Nature communications · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among squamate reptiles, dozens of lineages have independently evolved complete or partial limb reduction. This remarkable convergence of limbless and limb-reduced phenotypes provides multiple natural replicates of different ages to explore the evolution and development of the vertebrate limb and the gene regulatory network that controls its formation. The most successful and best known of the limb-reduced squamates are snakes, which evolved a limb-reduced body form more than 100 million years ago. Recent studies have revealed the unexpected finding that many ancient limb enhancers are conserved in the genomes of snakes. Analyses in limbed animals show that many of these limb enhancers are also active during development of the phallus, suggesting that these enhancers may have been retained in snakes due their importance in regulating transcription in the external genitalia. This hypothesis is substantiated by functional tests of snake enhancers, which demonstrate that snake enhancer elements have lost limb function while retaining genital enhancer function. The large degree of overlap in the gene regulatory networks deployed during limb and phallus development may act to constrain the divergence of shared gene network components and the evolution of appendage morphology. Future studies will reveal whether limb regulatory elements have undergone similar functional changes in other lineages of limb-reduced squamates.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.