ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2018
Milk and other dairy foods and risk of hip fracture in men and women.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of yogurt consumption on bone health markers in adults with or without osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Cheese consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Dairy intake and risk of hip fracture in prospective cohort studies: non-linear algorithmic dose-response analysis in 486 950 adults.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Pooled it
- Genetically Predicted Milk Intake Increased Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density in Women But Not in Men.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture: critical interpretation of the currently available evidence.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Pooled it
- Fermented Milk Products and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, Prospective Cohorts, and Case-Control Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Milk and Dairy Products on the Prevention of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fractures in Europeans and Non-Hispanic Whites from North America: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Guideline
- Sex differences in association of mixed exposure to blood cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium, manganese with osteoporosis.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Article
- The association between dairy and bone quality in Puerto Rican adults varies by dairy food and fat content.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Influence of Dietary Calcium Intake on Skeletal Health and Body Composition in an Italian Elderly Population.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Long-term consumption of liquid dairy products predicts lower fracture risk in aging women: a 25-year follow-up.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Fermented Dairy Products, Musculoskeletal and Mental Health in Older Adults: is There Evidence to Support Benefits that go Beyond Those of Non-Fermented Dairy Products?Calcified tissue international · 2024Review
- Review
- Types of dairy foods and risk of fragility fracture in the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Milk intake and hip fracture incidence in community-dwelling old Icelandic adults.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023Article
- Association between Dairy Product intake and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Japanese Women: Secondary Analysis of 15-Year Follow-Up data from the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Association between Dairy Product Intake and Risk of Fracture among Adults: A Cohort Study from China Health and Nutrition Survey.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The Impact of Diet on Bone and Fracture Risk in Diabetes.Current osteoporosis reports · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The role of dairy foods for hip fracture prevention remains controversial. In this study, among US men and women, a glass of milk per day was associated with an 8% lower risk of hip fracture. This contrasts with a reported increased risk with higher milk intake in Swedish women.
introductionThe purpose of this study was to examine whether higher milk and dairy food consumption are associated with risk of hip fracture in older adults following a report of an increased risk for milk in Swedish women.
methodsIn two US cohorts, 80,600 postmenopausal women and 43,306 men over 50 years of age were followed for up to 32 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the relative risks (RR) of hip fracture per daily serving of milk (240 mL) and other dairy foods that were assessed every 4 years, controlling for other dietary intakes, BMI, height, smoking, activity, medications, and disease diagnoses.
resultsTwo thousand one hundred thirty-eight incident hip fractures were identified in women and 694 in men. Each serving of milk per day was associated with a significant 8% lower risk of hip fracture in men and women combined (RR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 0.97). A suggestive inverse association was found for cheese in women only (RR = 0.91, CI 0.81 to 1.02). Yogurt consumption was low and not associated with risk. Total dairy food intake, of which milk contributed about half, was associated with a significant 6% lower risk of hip fracture per daily serving in men and women (RR = 0.94, CI 0.90 to 0.98). Calcium, vitamin D, and protein from non-dairy sources did not modify the association between milk and hip fracture, nor was it explained by contributions of these nutrients from milk.
conclusionsIn this group of older US adults, higher milk consumption was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.