ArticleFrontiers in neuroanatomy2017
The Role of Functional Neuroanatomy of the Lumbar Spinal Cord in Effect of Epidural Stimulation.
Article in Frontiers in neuroanatomy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrophysiological Guidance of Epidural Electrode Array Implantation over the Human Lumbosacral Spinal Cord to Enable Motor Function after Chronic Paralysis.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Trial
- From Trial to Chronic Epidural Electrical Stimulation: A Single-Patient Feasibility Study in Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment of Chronic Multi-Electrode Spinal Cord Electrical Stimulation and Electromyography Platform in Non-Human Primates.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Differential modulation of trunk muscle activation using thoracic epidural spinal stimulation.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Case report: Potential physiological sources of the late response in epidural spinal recordings induced by spinal cord stimulation during intraoperative neuromonitoring.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2025Article
- The role of spinal cord neuroanatomy and the variances of epidurally evoked spinal responses.Bioelectronic medicine · 2024Article
- Selective Activation of the Spinal Cord with Epidural Electrical Stimulation.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Consecutive Transcutaneous and Epidural Spinal Cord Neuromodulation to Modify Clinical Complete Paralysis-the Proof of Concept.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal Distribution of Electrically Evoked Spinal Compound Action Potentials During Spinal Cord Stimulation.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2023Article
- Transtraumatic Epidural Electrostimulation of the Spinal Cord in a Pig Model.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2023Article
- Characterization and applications of evoked responses during epidural electrical stimulation.Bioelectronic medicine · 2023Article
- Trans-Spinal Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Functional Rehabilitation after Spinal Cord Injury: Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Computed tomography myelography technique and spinal morphometry in healthy Yucatan pigs.PloS one · 2022Article
- Voluntary Modulation of Evoked Responses Generated by Epidural and Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation in Humans with Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Newly regenerated axons via scaffolds promote sub-lesional reorganization and motor recovery with epidural electrical stimulation.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2021Article
- Electrical epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord: implications for spinal respiratory neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Review
- Brain fMRI during orientation selective epidural spinal cord stimulation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Comparative neuroanatomy of the lumbosacral spinal cord of the rat, cat, pig, monkey, and human.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Epidural Stimulation Combined with Triple Gene Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Treadmill-Based Gait Kinematics in the Yucatan Mini Pig.Journal of neurotrauma · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, the neuroanatomy of the swine lumbar spinal cord, particularly the spatial orientation of dorsal roots was correlated to the anatomical landmarks of the lumbar spine and to the magnitude of motor evoked potentials during epidural electrical stimulation (EES). We found that the proximity of the stimulating electrode to the dorsal roots entry zone across spinal segments was a critical factor to evoke higher peak-to-peak motor responses. Positioning the electrode close to the dorsal roots produced a significantly higher impact on motor evoked responses than rostro-caudal shift of electrode from segment to segment. Based on anatomical measurements of the lumbar spine and spinal cord, significant differences were found between L1-L4 to L5-L6 segments in terms of spinal cord gross anatomy, dorsal roots and spine landmarks. Linear regression analysis between intersegmental landmarks was performed and L2 intervertebral spinous process length was selected as the anatomical reference in order to correlate vertebral landmarks and the spinal cord structures. These findings present for the first time, the influence of spinal cord anatomy on the effects of epidural stimulation and the role of specific orientation of electrodes on the dorsal surface of the dura mater in relation to the dorsal roots. These results are critical to consider as spinal cord neuromodulation strategies continue to evolve and novel spinal interfaces translate into clinical practice.
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