ArticleAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2017
Economic Burden of Smoking in Iran: A Prevalence-Based Annual Cost Approach
Article in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The economic burden of ischaemic heart diseases on health systems: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Estimating the Direct Medical Costs of Smoking-Attributable Non-communicable Diseases in Northeastern Iran From 2015 to 2023.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- National and regional economic inequalities in first- and second-hand tobacco consumption among women of reproductive ages in Iran.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of lung cancer in Iran, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Profile of Cigarette and Drug Use Status in Population of Tabari Cohort Study.Addiction & health · 2022Article
- Economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Environmental and economics-related factors of smoking among Iranian adults aged 35-70: a PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Non-communicable diseases' risk factors in Iran; a review of the present status and action plans.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- The Economic Burden of Smoking-Attribution and Years of Life Lost due to Chronic Diseases in Mashhad, 2015-2016.International journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Its Financial Burden among Iranian Households: Evidence from Household Income and Expenditures Survey.Journal of research in health sciences · 2020Observational
- Socioeconomic inequality in tobacco expenditure in Iran: a cross-sectional analysis at national and subnational levels.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Impact of smoking on health system costs among cancer patients in a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Smoking Pattern and Associated Sociodemographic Factors: Findings from a Nationwide STEPS Survey in Iran.International journal of preventive medicine · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: The burden of smoking on the health system and society is significant. The current study aimed to estimate the annual direct and indirect costs of smoking in Iran for the year 2014. Methods: A prevalence-based diseasespecific approach was used to determine costs associated with the three most common smoking-related diseases: lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Data on healthcare utilization were obtained from an original survey, hospital records and questionnaires. The number of deaths was extracted from the global burden diseases study (GBD). The human capital approach was applied to estimate the costs of morbidity and mortality due to smoking-related diseases, classified as direct (hospitalization, outpatients and nonmedical costs) and indirect (mortality and morbidity). Results: The total economic cost of the three most common smoking-attributable diseases in Iran was US$1.46 billion in 2014, including US$1.05 billion (71.7%) in indirect and US$0.41 billion (28.3%) in direct costs. Direct costs of the three smoking-related diseases accounted for 1.6% of total healthcare expenditures and total costs were about 0.26% of Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. Conclusions: Our study indicated that smoking places a substantial economic burden on Iranian society. Therefore, sustained smoking cessation interventions and tobacco control policies are required to reduce the magnitude and extent of smoking-attributable costs in Iran.
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