ReviewOncotarget2017
Leptomeningeal disease: current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Review in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrathecal immune checkpoint inhibitors as adjunctive therapy for leptomeningeal disease: A case series and systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA as a prognostic and disease-activity biomarker in leptomeningeal metastases: systematic review, meta-analysis, and implications for CSF-guided care.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Preoperative versus postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Leptomeningeal Disease: A Systematic Review.Anticancer research · 2021Pooled it
- Breast brain metastases are associated with increased risk of leptomeningeal disease after stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2020Pooled it
- Tucatinib-trastuzumab-capecitabine for treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis in women with HER2Nature cancer · 2026Trial
- Review
- Preliminary assessment of an MRI-based grading system for leptomeningeal disease: an exploratory prognostic framework.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Outcomes and prognostic factors in melanoma patients with leptomeningeal disease: a retrospective cohort study.Melanoma research · 2026Article
- Lumbar-ventricular cerebrospinal fluid pressure discrepancy in leptomeningeal metastasis associated intracranial hypertension.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Melanoma leptomeningeal disease: Advances in diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Variant Allelic Frequency to Track Therapy Response and Evaluate Leptomeningeal Disease in Metastatic Central Nervous System Cancers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Re-evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid cytology for diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis based on radiological features, patient symptoms/signs, and clinical follow-up.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Spinal leptomeningeal disease in patients with solid tumors: A single-center study on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Brain & spine · 2026Article
- Leptomeningeal metastasis from large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis as the Initial Presentation of Occult Colorectal Cancer: Diagnostic and Management Challenges.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2026Article
- Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer: a single-center retrospective analysis of 86 cases.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Redefining Chemotherapy-Related Headaches: From Pathobiology to Differential Diagnosis and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease has become increasingly prevalent as novel therapeutic interventions extend the survival of cancer patients. Although a majority of leptomeningeal spread occurs secondary to breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma, a wide variety of malignancies have been reported as primary sources. Symptoms on presentation are equally diverse, often involving a combination of neurological deficits with the possibility of obstructive hydrocephalus. Diagnosis is definitively made via cerebrospinal fluid cytology for malignant cells, but neuro-imaging with high quality T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can aid diagnosis and localization. While leptomeningeal disease is still a terminal, late-stage complication, a variety of treatment modalities, such as intrathecal chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy, have improved median survival from 4-6 weeks to 3-6 months. Positive prognosticative factors for survival include younger age, high performance scores, and controlled systemic disease. In looking to the future, diagnostics that improve early detection and chemotherapeutics tailored to the primary malignancy will likely be the most significant advances in improving survival.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.