ArticleOncotarget2017
Efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive medications for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03936829 (Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Panniculitis Associated Acquired Lipodystrophy Syndrome With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Panniculitis Associated Acquired Lipodystrophy Syndrome With Type 1 Diabetes
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic mechanisms and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: The future potential for SRNS diagnosis.iScience · 2026Review
- Aligning Practice With Guidelines: A Canadian National Survey and Canadian Society of Nephrology Commentary on the 2025 KDIGO Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome Recommendations.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- A digest of the clinical practice guideline for pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome 2020 updated: medical therapy.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Review
- Clinical analysis of sirolimus therapy in children with refractory nephrotic syndrome.Renal failure · 2024Article
- Immunosuppressive Agent Options for Primary Nephrotic Syndrome: A Review of Network Meta-Analyses and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Advances in Neurological Diseases and Stroke.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Combined Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy plus Rituximab for Treating a Rare Juvenile Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Case Report.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Current understandings in treating children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Off-label use of tacrolimus in children with glomerular disease: Effectiveness, safety and pharmacokinetics.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Review
- CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 genetic polymorphisms affect tacrolimus concentration in pediatric patients with nephrotic range proteinuria.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConventional meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials have shown inconsistent results regarding the efficacy of immunosuppressants for pediatric steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).
objectiveTo conduct a network meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of available immunosuppressive agents in pediatric patients with SRNS. STUDY
methodsMEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE were searched on January 2017. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The main outcomes analyzed were efficacy [number/portion with complete remission (CR), number/portion with partial remission (PR), and total number/portion in remission (TR)] and safety [adverse secondary event (ASE) rates].
resultsA meta-analysis of 18 RCTs showed that tacrolimus was more efficacious for achieving CR than intravenous (i.v.) cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), oral cyclophosphamide, leflunomide, chlorambucil, azathioprine, and plaebo/nontreatment (P/NT), and more efficacious than i.v. cyclophosphamide, oral cyclophosphamide, and P/NT in terms of TR outcomes. Cyclosporin was associated with a greater CR rate than i.v. cyclophosphamide, MMF, oral cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, azathioprine, or P/NT, and associated with a greater TR rate than i.v. cyclophosphamide, oral cyclophosphamide, or P/NT. MMF was found to be more efficacious than i.v. cyclophosphamide and oral cyclophosphamide in terms of TR.
conclusionsTacrolimus and cyclosporine may be preferred initial treatments for children with SRNS. MMF may be another option for this patient population. Further studies of the efficacy and safety of these three drugs in children with SRNS should be pursued.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.