ReviewJournal of radiation research2018
Radiation-related thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction.
Review in Journal of radiation research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Thyroid function disorders and secondary cancer following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatrics: State of the art and practical recommendations for a risk-based follow-up.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Exosome in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: from pathogenesis to diagnostic and therapeutic potential.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Whole Lung Irradiation in Ewing Sarcoma with Pulmonary Metastases: Critical Appraisal of Evolution, Evidence, and Future Pathways in Precision Oncology.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Predictive modeling of treatment-related thyroid dysfunction and prognostic implication in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with PD-1 inhibitors.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a flexible thyroid shield in dental panoramic radiography utilizing bismuth oxide silicone rubber composite and Rando phantom.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of abnormal thyroid function test in adults attending primary care setting in the year 2022 in the Kingdom of Bahrain.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Long-term health outcomes by cancer diagnosed age among adolescent and young adult: multinational representative database.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Melissa officinalis extract suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in the brain of hypothyroidism-induced rats exposed to γ-radiation.Cell stress & chaperones · 2023Article
- Oxidative stress in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: possible adjuvant therapies to attenuate deleterious effects.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- No significant association between stable iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction in children after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: an observational study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Observational
- Comparative risk assessment of non-communicable diseases by evacuation scenario- a retrospective study in the 7 years following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident.Global health action · 2021Article
- Article
- Infiltration of the thyroid gland by non-thyroid malignancy: A literature review reveals this to be an unusual cause of hyperthyroidism.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2020Review
- Impact of Computed Tomography Scans on the Risk of Thyroid Disease in Minor Head Injury Patients: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Hyperthyroidism After Radiation Therapy for Childhood Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The thyroid gland is vulnerable not only to external radiation but also to internal radiation, because the thyroid cells can incorporate radioactive iodine when synthesizing thyroid hormones. Since radiation-induction of thyroid neoplasia, including thyroid cancer, is well recognized, the data on radiation-related thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction are summarized and reviewed. High-dose irradiation, irrespective of being external or internal, is strongly associated with a risk of hypothyroidism (with the prevalence ranging from 2.4% to 31%) and of Graves' hyperthyroidism (with the prevalence being up to 5%). It is easy to understand that high-dose irradiation induces hypothyroidism with some frequency, because high-dose irradiation destroys the thyroid gland. On the other hand, the basis for development of hyperthyroidism is mechanistically unclear, and it is merely speculative that autoantigens may be released from damaged thyroid glands and recognized by the immune system, leading to the development of anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies and Graves' hyperthyroidism in subjects who are immunologically predisposed to this ailment. In contrast, the data on moderate to low-dose irradiation on thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction are inconsistent. Although it is difficult to draw a definitive conclusion, some data may suggest a transient effect of moderate- to low-dose irradiation on hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis, implying that the effect, if it exists, is reversible. Finally, no report has shown a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of moderate- to low-dose irradiation-induced Graves' hyperthyroidism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.