ArticleBrazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica2017
Monoterpenoids (thymol, carvacrol and S-(+)-linalool) with anesthetic activity in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen): evaluation of acetylcholinesterase and GABAergic activity.
Article in Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmaco-toxicological aspects of thymol in veterinary medicine. A systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular and structural insights into carvacrol and thymol alkylated derivatives targeting WSSV and AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- An Evaluation of the Anesthetic Properties and Serum Biochemical Response ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of thymol application for anaesthesia of adult zebrafish.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2025Article
- Comparative efficacy of plant derived extracts with the insecticide mospilan on two whitefly species Bemisia tabaci biotype B and Trialeurodes ricini.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antinociceptive Analysis of Natural Monoterpenes Eugenol, Menthol, Carvacrol and Thymol in a Zebrafish Larval Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Quercetin Antagonizes the Sedative Effects of Linalool, Possibly through the GABAergic Interaction Pathway.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antibacterial Activity and Anxiolytic Effect in Adult Zebrafish of GenusPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease through ApoE4/LRP1, Wnt3/β-Catenin/GSK3β, and TLR4/NLRP3 Pathways with Physical and Mental Activities in a Rat Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia sidoides in the anesthetic induction and transport of ornamental fish Pterophyllum scalare.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2022Article
- Article
- The terpenes camphene and alpha-bisabolol inhibit inflammatory and neuropathic pain via Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels.Molecular brain · 2021Article
- Benefits of thymol supplementation on performance, the hepatic antioxidant system, and energetic metabolism in grass carp.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2020Article
- Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy.Biomolecules · 2019Review
- Essential Oils as Stress-Reducing Agents for Fish Aquaculture: A Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- Neuroprotective effects of carvacrol against Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: A review.Avicenna journal of phytomedicineReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluated the anesthetic potential of thymol and carvacrol, and their influence on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the muscle and brain of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The AChE activity of S-(+)-linalool was also evaluated. We subsequently assessed the effects of thymol and S-(+)-linalool on the GABAergic system. Fish were exposed to thymol and carvacrol (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) to evaluate time for anesthesia and recovery. Both compounds induced sedation at 25 mg/L and anesthesia with 50-100 mg/L. However, fish exposed to carvacrol presented strong muscle contractions and mortality. AChE activity was increased in the brain of fish at 50 mg/L carvacrol and 100 mg/L thymol, and decreased in the muscle at 100 mg/L carvacrol. S-(+)-linalool did not alter AChE activity. Anesthesia with thymol was reversed by exposure to picrotoxin (GABAA antagonist), similar to the positive control propofol, but was not reversed by flumazenil (antagonist of benzodiazepine binding site), as observed for the positive control diazepam. Picrotoxin did not reverse the effect of S-(+)-linalool. Thymol exposure at 50 mg/L is more suitable than carvacrol for anesthesia in silver catfish, because this concentration did not cause any mortality or interference with AChE activity. Thymol interacted with GABAA receptors, but not with the GABAA/benzodiazepine site. In contrast, S-(+)-linalool did not act in GABAA receptors in silver catfish.
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Registered trials
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