ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2017
Both hemispheric influenza vaccine recommendations would have missed near half of the circulating viruses in Madagascar.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying viral infections through metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing of undiagnosed respiratory fevers in Madagascar (2014-2019).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Identifying climatic drivers of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality in Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2011-2021: a sentinel surveillance study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Evolution of Indian Influenza A (H1N1) Hemagglutinin Strains: A Comparative Analysis of the Pandemic Californian HA Strain.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Circulation and seasonality of influenza viruses in different transmission zones in Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) virus isolates from Haryana, India.Virusdisease · 2019Article
- Both hemispheric influenza vaccine recommendations would have missed near half of the circulating viruses in Madagascar.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza immunization still poses a critical challenge globally and specifically for tropical regions due to their complex influenza circulation pattern. Tropical regions should select the WHO's Northern Hemisphere or Southern Hemisphere recommended vaccine composition based on local surveillance. Analyses of influenza immunization effectiveness have neglected to account for the proportion of circulating viruses prevented from causing infection each year. We investigate this question for Madagascar, where influenza vaccines are not widely available.
methodsSeventy-eight Malagasy influenza strains characterized from 2002 to 2014 were challenged with hypothetical scenarios in which the WHO's Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere recommended vaccine compositions were provided to the population. Match between circulating and vaccine strains was determined by haemagglutination inhibition assays. Strain-specific positive matches were scored assuming 9 months of protection, and scenarios incorporated vaccine delays from zero to 5 months.
resultsMalagasy influenza strains matched 54% and 44%, respectively, with the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere recommended vaccine strains when the vaccine was delivered as soon as available. The matching values further decreased when additional delivery and application delays were considered. Differences between recommended compositions were not statistically significant.
conclusionOur results showed matching with the Northern Hemisphere vaccine barely above 50%, even in the more favourable scenario. This suggests that if implemented, routine influenza vaccines would not provide an optimal protection against half of the influenza strains circulating in any epidemic season of Madagascar. We suggest that this limitation in influenza vaccine efficacy deserves greater attention, and should be considered in cost/benefit analyses of national influenza immunization programmes.
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