ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2016
Neutering of German Shepherd Dogs: associated joint disorders, cancers and urinary incontinence.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between gonadectomy and timing of gonadectomy, and the risk of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and Grade of Patellar Luxation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices in Australia.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Cumulative gonadal hormone exposure is nonlinearly associated with risk of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: a generalised additive model analysis of 20,590 dogs (1988-2023).The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Article
- When - and whether - should we spay/neuter companion dogs.The Journal of small animal practice · 2025Review
- Systematic Review: Does Pre-Pubertal Spaying Reduce the Risk of Canine Mammary Tumours?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- A Prospective Study Investigating the Health Outcomes of Bitches Neutered Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Possible relationship between long-term post neutering complications in dogs and caregiver burden in the owners.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Influence of gonadectomy and age at gonadectomy on the risk of developing intervertebral disc herniation in French Bulldogs: a retrospective study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Comparison of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Incidence among Parous and Nulliparous Rottweiler Bitches: Evidence from a Lifetime Cohort Study Supporting a Paradigm of Pregnancy-Associated Protection against Subsequent Non-Reproductive Disease Outcomes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Owner-Reported Health Events in Australian Farm Working Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on health in the female dog-a scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
- Correlates of estimated lifetime cruciate ligament survival inform potential rupture risk reduction strategies: findings from the Exceptional Aging in Rottweilers Study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Molecular Profile of Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
- A Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Impact of Neutering Bitches Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally on Physical Development.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Evaluating Disease Patterns of Military Working Dogs in the Republic of Korea: A Retrospective Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Associations Between Dog Breed and Clinical Features of Mammary Epithelial Neoplasia in Bitches: an Epidemiological Study of Submissions to a Single Diagnostic Pathology Centre Between 2008-2021.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2023Article
- Pet Ownership in Aotearoa New Zealand: A National Survey of Cat and Dog Owner Practices.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Risk factors for appendicular osteosarcoma occurrence in large and giant breed dogs in western Canada.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2023Article
- The effects of sex and neuter status on trauma survival in dogs: A Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry study.Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) · 2022Article
- Risk factors for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs participating in canine agility.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
German Shepherd Dogs are important in police and military work, and are a popular family pet. The debilitating joint disorders of hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear (CCL) and elbow dysplasia can shorten a dog's useful working life and impact its role as a family member. For this study, veterinary hospital records were examined over a 14.5-year period on 1170 intact and neutered (including spaying) German Shepherd Dogs for joint disorders and cancers previously associated with neutering. The diseases were followed through 8 years of age, with the exception of mammary cancer (MC) in females that was followed through 11 years. The cancers followed, apart from mammary, were osteosarcoma, lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumour. In intact males, 7% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, while in males neutered prior to a year of age, a significantly higher 21% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders. In intact females, 5% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, while in females neutered prior to a year of age, this measure was significantly increased to 16%. The increased joint disorder incidence mostly associated with early neutering was CCL. MC was diagnosed in 4% of intact females compared with less than 1% in females neutered before 1 year. The occurrence of the other cancers followed through 8 years of age was not higher in the neutered than in the intact dogs. Urinary incontinence, not diagnosed in intact females, was diagnosed in 7% of females neutered before 1 year, a significant difference. These findings, profiling the increase in joint disorders associated with early neutering, should help guide the timing of neutering for this breed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.