ArticleEuropean journal of pharmacology2018
Combined aerosolized Toll-like receptor ligands are an effective therapeutic agent against influenza pneumonia when co-administered with oseltamivir.
Article in European journal of pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-Free DNA-Based Theranostics for Inflammatory Disorders.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing as driver of critical illness: mechanisms and advances in therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- The RNA receptor RIG-I binding synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide promotes pneumonia survival.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Sustained exposure to Helicobacter pylori induces immune tolerance by desensitizing TLR6.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2024Article
- Lipopeptide adjuvants for antibiotics and vaccines: the future step in the fight against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pathogens.Exploration of drug science · 2024Article
- Nasopharyngeal epithelial cells from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 express abnormal levels of Toll-like receptors.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
- Innate immune responses in pneumonia.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Review
- Influenza Treatment: Limitations of Antiviral Therapy and Advantages of Drug Combination Therapy.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 modulate promoting effect of COPD-like airway inflammation on K-ras-driven lung cancer through activation of the MyD88/NF-ĸB pathway in the airway epithelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Investigation Regarding the Differentiation of the Procurable COVID-19 Vaccines.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2022Review
- Airway disease in hematologic malignancies.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2022Review
- Prospects on Repurposing a Live Attenuated Vaccine for the Control of Unrelated Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Host-directed therapy in foals can enhance functional innate immunity and reduce severity of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Immune-mediated approaches against COVID-19.Nature nanotechnology · 2020Review
- Nanomedicine-mediated alteration of the pharmacokinetic profile of small molecule cancer immunotherapeutics.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2020Review
- Inducible epithelial resistance against acute Sendai virus infection prevents chronic asthma-like lung disease in mice.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- The role of the innate immune system on pulmonary infections.Biological chemistry · 2019Review
- Targeting Antiviral Pathways for Treatment of Allergic Diseases.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2018Article
- Attenuation of Influenza A Virus Disease Severity by Viral Coinfection in a Mouse Model.Journal of virology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza pneumonia remains a common and debilitating viral infection despite vaccination programs and antiviral agents developed for prophylaxis and treatment. The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir is frequently prescribed for established influenza A virus infections, but the emergence of neuraminidase inhibitor resistant viruses, a brief therapeutic window and competing diagnoses complicate its use. PUL-042 is a clinical stage, aerosol drug comprised of synthetic ligands for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 and TLR 9. This host-targeted, innate immune stimulant broadly protects against bacterial, fungal and viral pneumonias, including those caused by influenza, when given prophylactically to animals. This study evaluated the therapeutic antiviral effects of PUL-042 against established influenza A pneumonia, when given alone or in combination with oseltamivir. Mice were treated with PUL-042 aerosol, oseltamivir or both at varying time points before or after challenge with influenza pneumonia. Treating established, otherwise lethal influenza A pneumonia (>1 LD
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.