Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29065927›Full record

ReviewBiology of sex differences2017

The protective role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular disease and the controversial use of estrogen therapy.

Andrea Iorga, Christine M Cunningham, Shayan Moazeni, Gregoire Ruffenach, Soban Umar, Mansoureh Eghbali

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biology of sex differences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 484 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
484citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
30.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

484 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 876 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Association of Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy with Hearing Loss.The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Observational
  19. Hormone replacement therapy and its association with LATE-NC in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

424 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Andrea IorgaPresent address: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Liver, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
Christine M CunninghamDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-160CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA.
Shayan MoazeniDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-160CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA.
Gregoire RuffenachDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-160CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA.
Soban UmarDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-160CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA.
Mansoureh EghbaliDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, BH-160CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA. meghbali@ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

Training in Molecular, Cellular &Integrative PhysiologyT32GM065823 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI TIDBALL, JAMES G · 2003 to 2017
$2.1M
Epigenetic regulation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by X chromosomeR01HL131182 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, EGHBALI, MANSOUREH · 2016 to 2019
$1.5M
American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 17PRE33420159NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL131182NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM065823
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have previously suggested that premenopausal females have reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to age-matched males, and the incidence and severity of CVD increases postmenopause. The lower incidence of cardiovascular disease in women during reproductive age is attributed at least in part to estrogen (E2). E2 binds to the traditional E2 receptors (ERs), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), as well as the more recently identified G-protein-coupled ER (GPR30), and can exert both genomic and non-genomic actions. This review summarizes the protective role of E2 and its receptors in the cardiovascular system and discusses its underlying mechanisms with an emphasis on oxidative stress, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and vascular function. This review also presents the sexual dimorphic role of ERs in modulating E2 action in cardiovascular disease. The controversies surrounding the clinical use of exogenous E2 as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular disease in women due to the possible risks of thrombotic events, cancers, and arrhythmia are also discussed. Endogenous local E2 biosynthesis from the conversion of testosterone to E2 via aromatase enzyme offers a novel therapeutic paradigm. Targeting specific ERs in the cardiovascular system may result in novel and possibly safer therapeutic options for cardiovascular protection.

Indexed as

AnimalsCardiovascular AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesEstrogensHumansReceptors, EstrogenCardiovascular AgentsEstrogensReceptors, EstrogenAngiogenesisCardiovascular diseaseEstrogenEstrogen receptor alphaEstrogen receptor betaFibrosisGPR30Hormone replacement therapyOxidative stressVasodilation

Identifiers

PMID29065927
PMCPMC5655818
OpenAlexW2766043255

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.