ArticleArthritis research & therapy2017
Severe intestinal dysbiosis is prevalent in primary Sjögren's syndrome and is associated with systemic disease activity.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coordinated oral-gut microbiota relocation in connective tissue diseases: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- What is the impact of microbiota on dry eye: a literature review of the gut-eye axis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Association between primary Sjögren's syndrome and gut microbiota disruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Gut microbiota and Sjögren's syndrome: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Gut dysbiosis in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 92 observational studies.EBioMedicine · 2022Pooled it
- Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren's Syndrome in a Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Pathophysiology of the gut-eye axis in a Sjögren's disease-like dry eye mouse model: An exploratory evaluation of dietary heat-treated Enterococcus faecalis FK-23.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Cytokine Networks and Clinical Heterogeneity in Sjögren's Disease: From Glandular Inflammation to Therapeutic Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Ophiopogonin D Mediates Therapeutic Effects on Primary Sjögren's Syndrome by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Article
- Risk of systemic rheumatic diseases in people with irritable bowel syndrome: a global-federated cohort analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota: Emerging Evidence in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Acupuncture treatment for Sjögren's syndrome: a narrative review on mechanism of treatment and clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome in oral health and disease: evidence toward bidirectional oral-gut axis communication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Risk of gastrointestinal cancers in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome in Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Decoding the Gut Microbiome in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Shared Dysbiosis, Distinct Patterns, and Associations with Clinical Features.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Role of the Microbiome and Its Metabolites in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Microbial signatures in oral sites of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: Association with salivary gland hypofunction.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- A Distinguishable Peripheral Blood and Conjunctival Transcriptome and Gut Microbiome in Sjögren's Disease: A Pilot Study.Eye & contact lens · 2025Article
- Fecal metabolomic analysis of the role of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in the therapeutic mechanism of Timosaponin AIII in Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAltered microbial composition of the intestine, commonly referred to as dysbiosis, has been associated with several autoimmune diseases including primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aims of the current study were to study the intestinal microbial balance in pSS and to identify clinical features associated with dysbiosis.
methodsForty-two consecutive pSS patients and 35 age-matched and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study in an open clinic setting. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal dysbiosis using a validated 16S rRNA-based microbiota test (GA-map™ Dysbiosis Test; Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway). Dysbiosis and severe dysbiosis were defined in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Patients were evaluated with regard to disease activity (European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and Clinical ESSDAI (ClinESSDAI)). In addition, patients were examined for laboratory and serological features of pSS as well as fecal calprotectin levels. Furthermore, patients were investigated regarding patient-reported outcomes for pSS (EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI)) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms according to the Rome III criteria.
resultsSevere dysbiosis was more prevalent in pSS patients in comparison to controls (21 vs 3%; p = 0.018). Subjects with pSS and severe dysbiosis had higher disease activity as evaluated by the ESSDAI total score (13 vs 5; p = 0.049) and the ClinESSDAI total score (12 vs 5; p = 0.049), lower levels of complement component 4 (0.11 vs 0.17 g/L; p = 0.004), as well as higher levels of fecal calprotectin (110 vs 33 μg/g; p = 0.001) compared to the other pSS patients. In contrast, severe dysbiosis among pSS patients was not associated with disease duration, IBS-like symptoms, or the ESSPRI total score.
conclusionsSevere intestinal dysbiosis is a prevalent finding in pSS and is associated both with clinical and laboratory markers of systemic disease activity as well as gastrointestinal inflammation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate a potential causative link between dysbiosis and pSS.
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