ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Diurnal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures and Inflammatory Marker Correlates in Major Depressive Disorder.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for gastric cancer: A comprehensive analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Glucocorticoid Resistance: Is It a Requisite for Increased Cytokine Production in Depression? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Hair cortisol concentration and basal heart rate variability differentiate long COVID from depressive disorders in youth.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- IL-33-induced neuroimmune regulation in depression: A narrative review from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic potential.Medicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing Nanocarriers to Improve Psychiatric Treatment: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- An Overview of Depression Pathogenesis: Prevailing Hypotheses and Associated Neurobiological Underpinnings Primarily Evidenced by Rodent Studies.Depression and anxiety · 2026Review
- Insomnia Pathogenesis and Multidimensional Mechanisms of Acupuncture: A Narrative Review.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Immune-neuroendocrine crosstalk in mood and psychotic disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Measuring salivary cortisol in biobehavioral research: A systematic review and methodological considerations.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Association between fasting blood glucose and psychotic symptoms in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The mediating effect of sleep quality on solid cooking fuel use and psychological distress among rural older adults: evidence from Shandong, China.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- The Gut Microbiota and Major Depressive Disorder: Current Understanding and Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Effects of Electroacupuncture on Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Rats with Poststroke Depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Article
- Fractional anisotropy and peripheral cytokine concentrations in outpatients with depressive episode: a diffusion tensor imaging observational study.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- The association between type 2 diabetes and major depression in apnoeic individuals.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2022Article
- Changes in the Serum Levels of Cytokines: IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10 in Depression with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- The advances of post-stroke depression: 2021 update.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Does urinary metabolite signature act as a biomarker of post-stroke depression?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Inflammatory Markers in Substance Use and Mood Disorders: A Neuroimaging Perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- HPA Axis in the Pathomechanism of Depression and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies Based on Its Participation.Brain sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory systems is a consistent finding in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Cortisol is often assessed by measurement of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and/or diurnal cortisol levels. Some methods of cortisol measurement overestimate cortisol concentration due to detection of other glucocorticoids including the relatively inert cortisone, therefore this study aimed to assess the presence of both cortisol and cortisone, and the cortisol-cortisone catalyzing enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), in depressed patients and controls. Because the HPA axis is known to regulate the body's immune system, relationships between measures of cytokines and cortisol were also assessed. Saliva samples were collected from 57 MDD patients and 40 healthy controls at five post-wakening time points (0, +30, +60, +720 and +750 min). Glucocorticoid concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Whole blood mRNA expression of several inflammatory markers was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study replicated the common finding of elevated morning cortisol and reduced CAR reactivity in MDD and found no differences in cortisone or 11β-HSD1 mRNA measures. There was a negative association between interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) mRNA and morning cortisol reactivity within the depressed group, indicating that dysregulation of the HPA axis and immune system may be interconnected.
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