ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2017
Systemic Interleukin-4 Administration after Spinal Cord Injury Modulates Inflammation and Promotes Neuroprotection.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Interleukin 13 signaling modulates dopaminergic functions and nicotine reward in rodents.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Systemic Interleukin-4 Application Promotes Functional Recovery and Reprograms Neuroinflammatory and Molecular Responses after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.Theranostics · 2026Article
- A dual-drug sequential delivery hydrogel for programmatic microglia/macrophage polarization and function recovery in spinal cord injury.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Immune Activation Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Review Focused on Inflammatory Changes in the Spinal Cord.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Forced polarisation of microglia by IL-13 is modified by inflammatory and microenvironmental context.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Engineered nerve guide conduit enhances peripheral nerve regeneration by modulating the microenvironment through macrophage-triggered cascade reactions.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Spinal Cord Injury Management Based on Microglia-Targeting Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Inhibition of CD44 suppresses the formation of fibrotic scar after spinal cord injury via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.iScience · 2024Article
- Oxygen therapy attenuates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Article
- An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Analysis of the Potential of GelMA Hydrogels as a Therapeutic Platform for Preclinical Spinal Cord Injury.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Immunomodulation for Tissue Repair and Regeneration.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Review
- Pre-Clinical Assessment of Roflumilast Therapy in a Thoracic Model of Spinal Cord Injury.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- The Central Nervous System Source Modulates Microglia Function and Morphology In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches for Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Review
- The Protein Kinase Inhibitor Midostaurin Improves Functional Neurological Recovery and Attenuates Inflammatory Changes Following Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- The Role of the IL-4 Signaling Pathway in Traumatic Nerve Injuries.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes dramatic disability and dysfunction in the motor, sensory and autonomic systems. The severe inflammatory reaction that occurs after SCI is strongly associated with further tissue damage. As such, immunomodulatory strategies have been developed, aimed at reducing inflammation, but also at shaping the immune response in order to protect, repair and promote regeneration of spared neural tissue. One of those promising strategies is the intraspinal administration of the cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) that was shown to promote a phenotype on specific immune cells associated with neuroprotection and repair. In this work, we evaluated if a systemic delivery of IL-4 for a 7-days period was also capable of promoting neuroprotection after SCI by analyzing different neural cells populations and motor recovery. IL-4 treatment promoted an elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the serum both at 24 h and 7 days after injury. Locally, treatment with IL-4 led to a reduction on cells expressing markers associated with inflammation, CD11b/c and iNOS. Importantly, IL-4 treatment increased the neuronal markers βIII-tubulin and NeuN, and the oligodendrocyte marker O4, suggesting a neuroprotective effect. Moreover, 100% of the animals treated with IL-4 were able to recover weight support against only 33% of saline treated animals. Overall, these results show that systemic administration of IL-4 positively impacts different aspects of spinal cord injury, creating a more favorable environment for recovery to take place.
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