ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2018
Beyond binding: antibody effector functions in infectious diseases.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05162482 (Immunogenicity and Safety of Heterologous Combinations of COVID-19 Vaccines Available Under Emergency Use Authorization in Pakistan), which is not on this map. Cited by 522 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Heterologous Combinations of COVID-19 Vaccines Available Under Emergency Use Authorization in Pakistan: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Who cites it
522 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 826 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced COVID-19 severity in Africa: a systematic review of host genetic and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Improved VSV-Ebola-GP booster vaccination approach promotes antibody affinity maturation and durable anti-Ebola immunity in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Trial
- Impact of an aerosolized or intramuscular adenovirus type 5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine on Fc-mediated immune effector functions in a hybrid immunity population.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Antibody Fc receptor binding and T cell responses to homologous and heterologous immunization with inactivated or mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- A first-in-human, single and multiple dose study of lunsekimig, a novel anti-TSLP/anti-IL-13 NANOBODY® compound, in healthy volunteers.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Safety and protective efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine administered to HIV-negative and -positive Tanzanian adults.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Trial
- Broad targeting of HPV E proteins by intratumoral and systemic B cell responses in HPV+ head and neck cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Article
- ESAT-6-derived lipopeptide-based mucosal vaccine elicits distinct humoral immune responses concomitant with a reduction inEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Mucosal immunization with an adenoviral vector expressing a prefusogenic F protein protects the upper and lower respiratory tracts of cotton rats against live respiratory syncytial virus challenge.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- An Fc Receptor and IgA Functional Signature Identifies TB Disease in Children Living With HIV.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- Equitable access to monoclonal antibodies targeting parasites.Trends in parasitology · 2026Review
- Using Synthetic Glycans to Investigate Anti-Glycan Antibodies and Explore Their Medical Potential.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- Article
- Critical Roles of O-Acetylation Revealed by Synthetic Trisaccharide Antigens for a Broad-Spectrum Anti-Salmonella Vaccine.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Proinflammatory Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Functions Track with Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Plasma donation rates and infection risk: A multicentre observational study in Denmark.Vox sanguinis · 2026Observational
- IMGT-NC Engineered Variants of INN Therapeutic IG or Antibodies and Related IgSF Proteins (TR, FPIA and CPCA): Bridging Sequences, Structures and Functions for AI.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Encephalitic alphavirus infection induces long-term humoral and cell-mediated responses in seropositive participants from Panama.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
462 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antibodies play an essential role in host defence against pathogens by recognizing microorganisms or infected cells. Although preventing pathogen entry is one potential mechanism of protection, antibodies can control and eradicate infections through a variety of other mechanisms. In addition to binding and directly neutralizing pathogens, antibodies drive the clearance of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites via their interaction with the innate and adaptive immune systems, leveraging a remarkable diversity of antimicrobial processes locked within our immune system. Specifically, antibodies collaboratively form immune complexes that drive sequestration and uptake of pathogens, clear toxins, eliminate infected cells, increase antigen presentation and regulate inflammation. The diverse effector functions that are deployed by antibodies are dynamically regulated via differential modification of the antibody constant domain, which provides specific instructions to the immune system. Here, we review mechanisms by which antibody effector functions contribute to the balance between microbial clearance and pathology and discuss tractable lessons that may guide rational vaccine and therapeutic design to target gaps in our infectious disease armamentarium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.