Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29063794›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery2017

Critical physicochemical and biological attributes of nanoemulsions for pulmonary delivery of rifampicin by nebulization technique in tuberculosis treatment.

Kifayatullah Shah, Lai Wah Chan, Tin Wui Wong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kifayatullah Shaha Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE , Selangor , Malaysia.
Lai Wah Chanc Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Republic of Singapore.
Tin Wui Wonga Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE , Selangor , Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The study investigated aerosolization, pulmonary inhalation, intracellular trafficking potential in macrophages and pharmacokinetics profiles of rifampicin-oleic acid first-generation nanoemulsion and its respective chitosan- and chitosan-folate conjugate-decorated second and third-generation nanoemulsions, delivered via nebulization technique. The nanoemulsions were prepared by conjugate synthesis and spontaneous emulsification techniques. They were subjected to physicochemical, drug release, aerosolization, inhalation, cell culture and pharmacokinetics analysis. The nanoemulsions had average droplet sizes of 40-60 nm, with narrow polydispersity indices. They exhibited desirable pH, surface tension, viscosity, refractive index, density and viscosity attributes for pulmonary rifampicin administration. All nanoemulsions demonstrated more than 95% aerosol output and inhalation efficiency greater than 75%. The aerosol output, aerosolized and inhaled fine particle fractions were primarily governed by the size and surface tension of nanoemulsions in an inverse relationship. The nanoemulsions were found to be safe with third-generation nanoemulsion exhibiting higher cell internalization potential, reduced plasma drug concentration, and higher lung drug content.

Indexed as

Administration, InhalationAntitubercular AgentsCell LineChemistry, PharmaceuticalChitosanDrug LiberationEmulsionsMacrophagesNanoparticlesOleic AcidParticle SizeRifampinTuberculosisViscosityAntitubercular AgentsChitosanEmulsionsOleic AcidRifampinAerosolizationchitosanchitosan-folateinhalationnanoemulsion

Identifiers

PMID29063794
PMCPMC8241194

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.