ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2017
In Utero ART Exposure and Birth and Early Growth Outcomes Among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Attending Immunization Services: Results From National PMTCT Surveillance, South Africa.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perinatal outcomes in women living with HIV-1 and receiving antiretroviral therapy-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2022Pooled it
- Adverse perinatal outcomes associated with antiretroviral therapy in women living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Emerging evidence from a systematic review of safety of pre-exposure prophylaxis for pregnant and postpartum women: where are we now and where are we heading?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Pooled it
- Association between infant feeding practices and infant growth by maternal HIV and antiretroviral therapy status: a prospective study in Cape Town, South Africa.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- The Effects of In Utero HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure on Infant T-Cell and Monocyte Activation, Function, and Regulation of Immune-Modulatory Pathways.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Review
- Comparative growth of children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected with those who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected at age 1 and 2 years in South Africa: a prospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Maternal HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy: Implications for Vertical Transmission, Fetal Safety, and Long-Term Infant Outcomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Growth Patterns of HIV-Exposed and -Unexposed Infants in African Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The effect of STI screening during pregnancy on vertical transmission of HIV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Africa: a modelling study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Neurodevelopmental Risk in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: Call for Developmental Surveillance.Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health · 2025Article
- Low birth weight and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women living with HIV and HIV-uninfected in Rwanda.PloS one · 2025Article
- Pharmacovigilance in Pregnancy Studies, Exposures and Outcomes Ascertainment, and Findings from Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.Drug safety · 2024Article
- Metabolic Alterations in Mothers Living with HIV and Their HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants.Viruses · 2024Article
- Clinical and immunological outcomes of HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in the first 24 months of life in Western Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Adverse perinatal outcomes attributable to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2020: Systematic review and meta-analyses.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral Options and Treatment Decisions During Pregnancy.Paediatric drugs · 2023Review
- Unique Profile of Inflammation and Immune Activation in Pregnant People With HIV in the United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- No increased in utero and peripartum HIV acquisition risk in HIV-exposed preterm infants.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the recognized benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for preventing and treating HIV, some studies have reported adverse birth outcomes with in utero ART exposure. We evaluated the effect of infant in utero HIV and ART exposure on preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and underweight for age (UFA) at 6 weeks.
methodsWe surveyed 6179 HIV-unexposed-uninfected (HUU) and 2599 HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants. HEU infants were stratified into 3 groups: ART, Zidovudine alone, and no antiretrovirals (None). The ART group was further stratified to explore pre- or postconception exposure. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated effects of HIV and ARV exposure on the outcomes.
resultsWe found higher odds of PTD, LBW, SGA, and UFA in HEU than HUU infants. HEU in the None group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.0) or those whose mothers initiated ART preconception (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5) had almost twice the odds of PTD than infants whose mothers started ART postconception, but no increased odds for other outcomes.
conclusionsThere was an association between preconception ART and PTD. As ART access increases, pregnancy registers or similar surveillance should be in place to monitor outcomes to inform future policy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.