Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29061855›Full record

ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2017

Depression and mortality in a longitudinal study: 1952-2011.

Stephen E Gilman, Ewa Sucha, Mila Kingsbury, Nicholas J Horton, Jane M Murphy, Ian Colman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
123citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

123 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. Depressive symptom heterogeneity and mortality in a prospective U.S. cohort.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  15. Joint Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Genetic Burden of Depression on Multiple Depressive Symptoms.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026
    Article
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63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Stephen E GilmanHealth Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research (Gilman), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.; Department of Mental Health (Gilman), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Sucha), and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Sucha, Kingsbury), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Horton), Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Epidemiology (Murphy), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS; School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine (Colman), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. stephen.gilman@nih.gov.
Ewa SuchaHealth Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research (Gilman), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.; Department of Mental Health (Gilman), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Sucha), and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Sucha, Kingsbury), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Horton), Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Epidemiology (Murphy), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS; School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine (Colman), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
Mila KingsburyHealth Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research (Gilman), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.; Department of Mental Health (Gilman), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Sucha), and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Sucha, Kingsbury), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Horton), Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Epidemiology (Murphy), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS; School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine (Colman), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
Nicholas J HortonHealth Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research (Gilman), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.; Department of Mental Health (Gilman), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Sucha), and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Sucha, Kingsbury), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Horton), Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Epidemiology (Murphy), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS; School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine (Colman), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
Jane M MurphyHealth Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research (Gilman), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.; Department of Mental Health (Gilman), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Sucha), and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Sucha, Kingsbury), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Horton), Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Epidemiology (Murphy), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS; School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine (Colman), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
Ian ColmanHealth Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research (Gilman), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.; Department of Mental Health (Gilman), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Sucha), and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Sucha, Kingsbury), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics (Horton), Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Epidemiology (Murphy), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Murphy), Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS; School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine (Colman), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.

Funding

Social determinants of child development and mental healthZIAHD008976 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI GILMAN, STEPHEN · 2018 to 2025
$14.3M
LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGYR01MH039576 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MURPHY, JANE M · 1985 to 2007
$2.1M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH039576
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMany studies have shown that depression increases mortality risk. We aimed to investigate the duration of time over which depression is associated with increased risk of mortality, secular trends in the association between depression and mortality, and sex differences in the association between depression and mortality.

methodsWe conducted a cohort study of 3410 adults enrolled in 3 representative samples of a county in Atlantic Canada in 1952 (

resultsDepression was associated with a heightened risk of mortality among men during the 3 time periods of the study, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69-4.98) between 1952 and 1967, 1.97 (CI 1.34-2.89) between 1968 and 1990, and 1.52 (CI 1.09-2.13) between 1991 and 2011. Elevated risk of mortality was noted among women only between 1990 and 2011 (HR = 1.51; CI = 1.11-2.05).

interpretationThe association between depression and mortality persists over long periods of time and has emerged among women in recent decades, despite contemporaneous improvements in the treatment of depression and reduction of stigma associated with depression. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms involved.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCanadaCause of DeathDepressionDepressive DisorderFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedMortalityPopulation SurveillanceProportional Hazards Models

Identifiers

PMID29061855
PMCPMC5654987

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.