ArticleParasites & vectors2017
Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and genotype diversity in select wildlife species from the southeastern United States.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Status ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2020Pooled it
- A review onParasite epidemiology and control · 2026Review
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- The gut metabolite arachidonic acid alleviates intestinal injury induced by a Toxoplasma gondii strain isolated from a wild rodent.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Zoonotic endoparasites and Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in free-roaming cats (Felis catus) from New York City boroughs.PloS one · 2026Article
- Pathology and parasitology of free-ranging coyotes from Tennessee and South Carolina.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Toxoplasma gondii in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany: a serosurvey based on meat juice.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Are foxes (Vulpes spp.) good sentinel species for Toxoplasma gondii in northern Canada?Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Molecular Survey onMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Epidemiologic significance ofParasitology · 2021Review
- White-tailed deer (Parasitology · 2020Article
- Seroprevalence, DNA isolation, and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from black bear (Ursus americanus) sera collected in Eastern Oklahoma.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and association with early pregnancy and abortion rates in New Zealand farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus).Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Toxoplasmosis: The Heart of the Diagnosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundToxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan parasite that infects humans and other animals. Previous studies indicate some genotypes of T. gondii are more frequently isolated in wildlife than agricultural animals, suggesting a wild/feral animal diversity model. To determine seroprevalence and genetic diversity of T. gondii in southeastern US wildlife, we collected sera from 471 wild animals, including 453 mammals and 18 birds, between 2011 and 2014. These serum samples were assayed for T. gondii infection using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Heart or tongue tissues from 66 seropositive animals were bioassayed in mice and 19 isolates were obtained. The isolated parasites were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method employing 10 genetic markers.
resultsOne hundred and ninety-six of 471 samples (41.6%) had a titer ≥1:32 and were considered positive for T. gondii infection. Of 453 mammals, 195 (43%) were seropositive, whereas only one (5.6%) of 18 birds was seropositive. The seroprevalence in mammals was significantly higher than in the birds. Mammalian hosts with adequate samples size (≥ 20) comprised white-tailed deer (n = 241), feral hogs (n = 100), raccoons (n = 34) and coyotes (n = 22), with seroprevalences of 41.0%, 51.0%, 50.0% and 72.7%, respectively. Coyotes had significantly higher seroprevalence than the white-tailed deer. Genotyping revealed five distinct genotypes, including the ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #5 (a.k.a type 12) for 15 isolates, genotype #3 (a.k.a. type II) for 1 isolate, and genotypes #154, #167 and #216, each for 1 isolate. The results showed moderate to high infection rates of T. gondii in white-tailed deer, feral hogs, raccoons and coyotes. Genotyping results indicated limited genetic diversity and a dominance of genotype #5, which has been reported as a major type in wildlife in North America.
conclusionsWe conclude that T. gondii infection is common in game animals (white-tailed deer and feral hogs) in the southeastern US, which may pose a food safety risk to humans. Further research is necessary to understand T. gondii transmission from wildlife to farm animals and humans.
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