Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2018
Frequency and Content of Conversations About Pictorial Warnings on Cigarette Packs.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sugary drink warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies.PLoS medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Associations of egocentric social network characteristics with conversations about the harms of smoking and the benefits of quitting.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Relative Efficacy of Cigarillo Warning Statements in Text and Pictorial Formats: An Experimental Study Among a Sample of US Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Comparisons between young adult waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers' reactions to pictorial health warning labels in Lebanon: a randomized crossover experimental study.Health education research · 2023Trial
- Impact of pictorial health warning labels on smoking beliefs and perceptions among waterpipe smokers: an online randomised cross-over experimental study.Tobacco control · 2023Trial
- Understanding Why Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Increase Quit Attempts.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2019Trial
- Cigarette pack messages about toxic chemicals: a randomised clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2019Trial
- "That's probably what my mama's lungs look like": how adolescent children react to pictorial warnings on their parents' cigarette packs.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Why smokers avoid cigarette pack risk messages: Two randomized clinical trials in the United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Trial
- Social Network Determinants of Cigarette Forgoing and Quit-Related Conversations in a 15-Day Ecological Momentary Assessment Study in Mexico and the US.Tobacco use insights · 2026Article
- Tweeted, Trolled, Twisted: Battling for Narrative Control in E-Cigarette Use Prevention Campaigns (2014-2020).Journal of health communication · 2025Article
- Examining the effect of waterpipe specific pictorial health warning labels among young adults in Lebanon and Tunisia: Protocol of a factorial experiment study design.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2021Article
- Message perceptions and effects perceptions as proxies for behavioral impact in the context of anti-smoking messages.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Cessation Conversations and Quit Attempts: Differences by Ethnicity and Language Preference.American journal of health behavior · 2020Article
- Impact of e-cigarette health warnings on motivation to vape and smoke.Tobacco control · 2019Article
- A Secondary Audience's Reactions to "The Real Cost" Advertisements: Results From a Study of U.S. Young Adult Smokers and Susceptible Nonsmokers.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Conversations about pictorial cigarette pack warnings: Theoretical mechanisms of influence.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Article
- Placing Health Warnings on E-Cigarettes: A Standardized Protocol.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Increasing Effectiveness of Messages about Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke.Tobacco regulatory science · 2018Article
- Public support for pictorial warnings on cigarette packs: an experimental study of US smokers.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Social interactions are a key mechanism through which health communication efforts, including pictorial cigarette pack warnings, may exert their effects. We sought to better understand social interactions elicited by pictorial cigarette pack warnings. Methods: A controlled trial randomly assigned US adult smokers (n = 2149) to have their cigarette packs labeled with pictorial or text-only warnings for 4 weeks. Smokers completed surveys during the baseline visit and each of the subsequent 4 weekly visits. Results: Smokers with pictorial warnings on their packs had more conversations throughout the trial compared to those with text-only warnings (8.2 conversations vs 5.0, p<.01). The highest number of conversations occurred during the first week. Smokers with pictorial warnings were more likely than those with text-only warnings to discuss the health effects of smoking, whether the warnings would make them want to quit and whether the warnings would make others want to quit (all p < .05). Smokers were more likely to describe pictorial warnings as scary, gross, or depressing and gloomy during conversations than text-only warnings (all p < .05). Conclusions: Pictorial warnings sparked more conversations about the warnings, the health effects of smoking, and quitting smoking than text-only warnings. These social interactions may extend the reach of pictorial warnings beyond the targeted smoker and may be one of the processes by which pictorial warnings have impact. Implications: Health communication can influence behavior by changing social interactions. Our trial characterized social interactions about pictorial cigarette pack warnings with a large longitudinal sample in a real-world setting. Understanding these conversations can inform the United States and other countries as they improve existing warnings and help tobacco control policy makers and health communication theorists understand how social interactions triggered by warnings affect smoking.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.